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Currently different methods are used for ergonomic assessment and analysis. This review tries to show how motion capture technology is applied in the process of ergonomic assessment. The goals of the analysis were to identify the most adequate method for objective assessment of ergonomics. The results show that the optical motion tracking systems with special software can be used to perform digital analysis of body motion. These systems do not require long set up time, majority of them are portable and the sensors are available in the market for a low cost. Movements of the working person are captured without special clothes equipped with markers. Though the optical systems could be acceptable in a wide range of tasks, they have certain limitations in ergonomic analysis. The performance of optical systems depends on a number of variables such as lighting, type of movements, distance from the object and environmental artefacts. The performance of existing systems is not yet completely reliable, but the technology is on the path of improving its accuracy. There are also other mechanical and magnetic technologies used for ergonomic analysis. This review shows that ergonomic simulations using the motion capture technology significantly improves the quality of ergonomic analysis.
The purpose of this review was to evaluate the different speech therapy approaches for persons with Parkinson's Disease (PD). Treatment methods reviewed include speech therapy (LSVT), pharmacological therapy and deep brain stimulation (DBS). Recent research data show that speech therapy has proven to be the most effective therapeutic strategy for improving voice and speech function. Pharmacotherapy or DBS methods not combined with speech therapy do not appear to significantly improve voice and speech function in PD across research studies. Possible explanation for this results is that LSVT is the major tool for speech rehabilitation in patients with PD. Research data comparing the efficacy of LSVT LOUD and LSVT ARTIC have confirmed the advantages of LSVT LOUD for the speech therapy in patients with PD
The goal of the presented work is to identify the optimum strategy for the enhancement of communication in patients with rare neurological disorders based on different models. With rapidly developing alternative communication technologies it becomes essential to identify an access method for a child and chose the alternative system of communication. Communication difficulties are common in children with rare neurological disorders. These disorders are manifested with motor, cognitive and sensory deficit. Speech and language therapy applied in these categories of patients is presented in various research publications. When forming a message, human communicators typically use a combination of modes: cognitive, psychological, or psycholinguistic sense to facilitate the way children construct internal representations that can be encoded and presented in different forms. Comprehensive assessment and recommendation of appropriate augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems are critical factors in the success of interventions for individuals with rare neurological disorders who have complex communication needs. The assessment of communication difficulties associated with rare diseases is an essential factor for the development of AAC technologies for these pediatric patients. The methods applied in the presented research are: analysis of different studies and, systematization and generalization of the research evidence. Enhancement of communication in patients with rare neurological disorders should be based on the integration of cognitive, psychological, or psycholinguistic models. For children with rare neurological disorders that eventually lead to speech, cognitive and psychological disturbances, AAC methods are the strategies of choice to facilitate communication. These tools with different access methods are used to support inclusion of children with rare neurological conditions into education system.
Authors' contributionWkład autorów: A. Study design/planning zaplanowanie badań B. Data collection/entry zebranie danych C. Data analysis/statistics dane -analiza i statystyki D. Data interpretation interpretacja danych E. Preparation of manuscript przygotowanie artykułu F. Literature analysis/search wyszukiwanie i analiza literatury G. Funds collection zebranie funduszy SummaryThe primary goal of adaptive physical and special education is to increase the participation of individuals with special motor needs in educational and social activities. Current behavior modification and motivation techniques are based on descriptive explanations of physical activity behaviors and exercises provided by special educators to patients and parents; however, the efficacy of such techniques is largely unknown. The main purpose of this review was to determine how effective different special education techniques and behavior change interventions are for different domains of physical activity for patients with cerebral palsy spastic motor type. A scoping review of scientific/medical databases was conducted to identify relevant studies matched the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four studies were selected (n=173) implementing behavioral interventions across internet-based and in-person settings. Three of these studies were randomized controlled trials with pre-post differences in physical activity observed in youth with cerebral palsy following behavioral intervention, although improvements were not statistically different from controls. This scoping review collectively demonstrates that design and implementation of behavioral change interventions lead to improvements of specific motor skills and highlights the need for ongoing research in children and adults with special motor needs.
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