Obesity is a state of abnormal accumulation of fat in adipose tissues of the body to the level that one's health is adversely compromised. Tripathi et al. state (according to WHO) that obesity is now considered the fifth leading cause of mortality in the world. Caries is a multifactorial disease and one of the major oral health issues of the modern era affecting people around the globe. Rise in dental caries has been observed in developing countries as a result of factors including increased intake of carbohydrates. The present study aims for assessing the association of DMFT with BMI, age, and gender. This study was conducted in the dental OPD of the Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from February 2016 till January 2017. A custom-made interview-based questionnaire was used to assess BMI, DMFT, and sociodemographics. The sample size was kept at 385. Age was reported as a strong predictor (R 2 0.641) of DMFT followed by BMI and gender as the weakest predictors. Age and BMI had statistically significant association with DMFT scores, which shows that diet patterns may affect general health. High caloric intake over long periods affects BMI and also oral health.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among smokeless tobacco users of Pakistani Population. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of six months (from July 2017 to January 2018) at Dental Outpatient department of Sindh, via aid of a validated custom-made questionnaire. Random sampling technique was adopted among patients attending dental Outpatient Departments, making use of OPEN API online software determining sample size as 289, with limitation included exclusion of pregnant women, edentulous individuals, children under age of 18 years and those having oral manifestations associated with any systemic disease. Statistical analysis included Logistic Regression and Chi-square for determining odds' ratio and possible associations. Results: Logistic regression model 71% predicted discoloration of buccal mucosa 206 times in absence of any predictor variable. Discoloration of oral tissues was prevalent among individuals who chewed tobacco at least 6 times or more in a day. Periodontal associated damage was also prevalent among 6 times/day and more tobacco chewers. Statistically significant values were for normal buccal mucosa 06-10 times (p=0.007), white patch on buccal mucosa 11-15 times (p=0.0043) and swelled buccal mucosa 11-15 times (p=0.002). Conclusion: This study has demonstrated specific smokeless tobacco associated oral lesions. Further studies nationwide, addressing attributes of socioeconomic status and ethnicity with respect to composition of smokeless tobacco will reveal more conclusive findings.
Objective: To evaluate the patterns of Torus mandibularis (TM) and Torus palatinus (TP) among the patients attending the dental department of a teaching hospital in Karachi focusing on the age and gender. Study Design and Setting: A cross-sectional study conducted at dental OPD of Dow International Dental College/Hospital DUHS, conducted from November 2017 to October 2018. Methodology: The calculated sample size of the study was 278. Written consent was taken from each participant prior to starting investigation. The questionnaire comprises of 17 variables, evaluating demographics, state of dentition and characteristics of presence of any suspected tori. Participants were examined via sterilized mouth mirror and probe. Impressions were then taken from the participants having positive findings to further evaluate the size and shape to tori. Results: The prevalence of (TM) and (TP) were found to be 3.3% and 0.6% respectively. (TM) was predominantly found in males and (TP) was more frequent in females. Both (TM) and (TP) were most prevalent during fifth decade of life irrespective of gender. Bilateral unilobulated (TM) in the premolar region of the mandible were found to be most recurrent. Lobulated (TP) of large size was found to be prevalent in this study. Conclusion: Study has shown very less prevalence of tori in population of Karachi, Pakistan. The prevalent patterns of tori were found to be bilateral unilobulated in the premolar region of the mandible and large, lobular in the palate. The relationship of tori with age and gender was not significant.
Objective: To evaluate an association of dental wear among different socio economic groups Methodology: It was a cross sectional study conducted in dental OPD of Dow University of Health Sciences. A custom design questionnaire was developed to assess the tooth wear among different social classes by questions directly and indirectly related to dental wear. Sample size was calculated via software OPEN API, and considering patient turnover in opd over a 10 months' period. Sample size was 400. Study was conducted during the period of March 2016 to Jan 2017. Socioeconomic groups were divided into Upper, Middle and Lower class. Data was analyzed through SPSS Ver 21. Results:Results showed Poor socioeconomic group to be the most effected by tooth wear, except for chewing habits which were almost same among all social classes. Possible reasons include lack of awareness, knowledge and education regarding predisposing factors for tooth wear Conclusion: Current data evaluating SES with tooth wear is lacking. Many confounding variables were overlooked in present study and can be studied further in finding association between SES and tooth wear
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