Background and Aim: The virulence and antifungal resistance of Candida albicans are recently known for their ability to form biofilm. This research aimed to construct an in vivo model of C. albicans biofilm in Wistar rats' intestinal mucosa and study their mobilization while in a planktonic and biofilm formation. In this study, there was one treatment group that was treated with three antibiotics, immunosuppressants, and C. albicans. Materials and Methods: This study was divided into control and treatment groups. The data sampling was conducted after C. albicans inoculation. The C. albicans biofilm formation stage was monitored with colony-forming units method calculation every week post-inoculation and then observed by the confocal laser scanning microscope. Results: The planktonic C. albicans overgrowth occurred up to 14 days after inoculation. The formation and maturation of C. albicans biofilm in the intestinal mucosa started in the 28th and 35th-day post-inoculation, respectively. The density of planktonic C. albicans in the stool was dramatically decreased on the 35th day. Before the biofilm formation, the planktonic Candida was carried away by food scraps to be released as a stool. However, there were minuscule or no planktonic Candida observed in the stool during and after biofilm formation. Instead, they were attached to the caecum's mucosa as a biofilm. Conclusion: We have proved that the planktonic C. albicans with its mobile nature were carried into the stool along with the rest of the feed, as we observed a lot of C. albicans cells found in the stool. Meanwhile, on day 28 after administration of antibiotics and immunosuppressants, no C. albicans was found in the stool samples, and at the same time, we observed C. albicans cells and their matrix attached to the intestinal mucosa as a biofilm.
Increasing levels of blood cholesterol is one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis. Currently, experts have been trying used herbal medicine as an alternative treatment of atherosclerosis. One of the highlights is the use of celery stalks. Celery is generally used as a flavouring dish. In addition, celery stalks are believed able to reduce cholesterol levels because they contain flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. This study was aim to determine the effect of celery stalk ethanol extract to reduce LDL an increase of HDL level in rats after fed high-fat diet. Randomized Post Test Only Control Group Design was used to measure the HDL and LDL blood serum levels of male Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) rats fed a high-fat diet. This study was used 27 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into 3 groups; K1 was only given regular feed and water, K2 was given a high-fat diet and water, K3 was given a high-fat diet and celery stalk extract at a dose of 75mg/kg BW/day for 14 days. The data were analysed by ANOVA test and Tukey HSD test. The results of the ANOVA test showed a significance value of p-value of LDL = 0.000 and HDL p-value = 0.536. Celery stalk extract (Apium graviolens L) had an effect on decreasing LDL levels but not on increasing HDL blood serum levels of white Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) given high-fat diet.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.