The paired pyramidalis muscles are small triangular muscles that lie between the anterior surface of the rectus abdominus and the posterior surface of the rectus sheath. The muscles are not always present, or are often unilateral, and vary greatly in size. Their wider inferior margins attach to the pubic symphyses and pubic crests, whereas their narrow superior margins attach to the linea alba. Aims and objectives: In recognition of the variations in occurrence, shape and size of the pyramidalis muscle in different races, sexes and nationals and its relevance in flap and graft, this study was carried out to determine the incidence of its agenesis, variation in occurrence, shape and mean values of length and breadth in Indian population. Materials and Methods: The material for this study comprised of 15 well preserved cadavers (Male:Female-13:2) obtained from the Department of Anatomy. These were dissected to expose pyramidalis muscle and different morphometric measurements were taken. Results: Only one case (Case no-14) had a unilateral pyramidalis on the right side. There was no case of supernumerary presence and the predominant shape was triangular with no difference in shape on either side. The mean values of the length and the breadth for the right pyramidalis muscle were 48.14 mm and15.39 mm, respectivelty while the corresponding mean values of 47.96 mm and 16.38 mm were recorded for the left. The Pyramidalis-Puboumbilical Index was calculated which varied between 33-39% in 10 male bodies while in two of the cases it was between 47-49.9% and in one case it was 15.2%. In two cases it was 35.5% and 56.8% respectively. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the incidence of agenesis of the pyramidalis muscle in north Indian people is not common and there are no significant differences in the sizes of the muscle on either size. The Pyramidalis-Puboumbilical Index may be useful for surgeons executing midline incision in the supra pubic region.
Background: Atlas the first cervical vertebra, shows great morphological variations. Frequently bony spurs arise from the anterior and posterior margin margins of the groove for vertebral artery and sometimes convert the groove into a foramen termed as Posticus Ponticus or arcuate foramen or retroarticular foramen. This type of foramen is reported by different workers to be present in 2.25% to 45.9% of the population depending upon the age, gender, side and race.
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