in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).The aim of this study is to quantify the mass transfer velocity using turbulence parameters from simultaneous measurements of oxygen concentration fields and velocity fields. The surface divergence model was considered in more detail, using data obtained for the lower range of b (surface divergence). It is shown that the existing models that use the divergence concept furnish good predictions for the transfer velocity also for low values of b, in the range of this study. Additionally, traditional conceptual models, such as the film model, the penetration-renewal model, and the large eddy model, were tested using the simultaneous information of concentration and velocity fields. It is shown that the film and the surface divergence models predicted the mass transfer velocity for all the range of the equipment Reynolds number used here. The velocity measurements showed viscosity effects close to the surface, which indicates that the surface was contaminated with some surfactant. Considering the results, this contamination can be considered slight for the mass transfer predictions. V
O presente estudo versa sobre a variação espacial-temporal de parâmetros da qualidade da água e foi realizado em quatro rios estuarinos próximos às cidades de Macapá e Santana (AP) - Brasil, e trata especialmente de poluição microbiológica (coliformes fecais - CF), delineada em pesquisa de campo ocorrida entre o período de setembro de 1999 a setembro de 2002. A análise espacial-temporal dos parâmetros bacteriológicos mostrou um significativo grau de comprometimento e degradação ambiental em algumas seções de coleta. A obtenção de faixas de concentração mostrou-se importante para avaliar as freqüências e distribuições estatísticas de parâmetros da qualidade da água, principalmente para indicar riscos à saúde pública e aos ecossistemas aquáticos. Finalmente, devido a quase completa ausência de informações hidrodinâmica e climática sistematizada, a abordagem fundamentou-se na utilização de análise estatística. Contudo, verificou-se uma tendência de aderência dos dados a uma distribuição normal e um grau de deterioração da qualidade da água já presente nas seções estudadas.
-Mass transfer across a gas-liquid interface was studied theoretically and experimentally, using transfer of oxygen into water as the gas-liquid system. The experimental results support the conclusions of a theoretical description of the concentration field that uses random square waves approximations. The effect of diffusion over the concentration records was quantified. It is shown that the peak of the normalized rms concentration fluctuation profiles must be lower than 0.5, and that the position of the peak of the rms value is an adequate measure of the thickness of the diffusive layer. The position of the peak is the boundary between the regions more subject to molecular diffusion or to turbulent transport of dissolved mass.
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