Sphenoid sinus mucocele is a rare condition. In this study, radiation to the head and neck appeared to be a predisposing factor, and eye symptoms were the commonest presentation. Endoscopic sinus surgery is a safe and effective treatment modality.

Some aneurysms are too large to be treated with endovascular occlusion techniques; in such cases, ligation of the parent vessel is indicated. However, our patient continued to experience persistent, mild epistaxis despite internal carotid artery ligation, as a result of the reperfusion phenomenon.

Fibrous dysplasia represents a disturbance of normal bone development specifically a defect in osteoblastic differentiation and maturation that originates in the mesenchymal precursor of the bone. In fibrous dysplasia, the lesion expands, which leads to a distortion and weakening of bone. Although the lesion is not encapsulated, it tends to remain enclosed within a shell of cortical bone. This shell can be thinned as a result of the pressure exerted on it. As it slowly progresses, fibrous dysplasia can cause skeletal destruction and deformity.

Cervical neuroblastoma is relatively uncommon. It present, most often as a fi rm mass in the lateral neck. Primary neuroblastomas of the neck usually arise in the cervical sympathetic ganglia. They are the sixth most common head and neck extracranial neoplasms. Neuroblastoma is the most common malignancy in children under 1 year of age. No known cause of Neuroblastoma has been reported.

A prospective study on 50 cases of chronic dacryocystitis was done to see outcome of management by endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) in Indian population and to look for its advantages or disadvantages over external-DCR. Effect of mitomycin-C was also evaluated in endoscopic DCR cases. Dacryocystitis was diagnosed on the basis of clinical examination by doing regurgitation test and lacrimal syringing. These patients were divided into two groups: group I consisted of those 25 subjects who were planned for endonasal endoscopic DCR and group II of those 25 subjects who underwent external-DCR in ophthalmology department. Of all the cases, maximum number of cases was in the age group of 21 to 35 years, 27 (54%) cases, 88% were females and 12% were males. External-DCR required a relatively longer surgical duration of an average 65 minutes as compared to 35 minutes for endonasal DCR. Average hospital stay for patient in group I was 3 days and it was 7 days in group II. There were minimal intraoperative complications in endoscopic procedure as compared to external-DCR group. Average follow-up was 6 months. Primary success rate was 96% in both the groups. Thus, it was concluded that both the procedures represent good alternatives for the treatment of primary nasolacrimal sac or duct obstruction or chronic dacryocystitis, endoscopic DCR having advantage of less complications and less traumatic. Mitomycin-C was found to be helpful in reducing fibrosis.