Background and aims
Coronavirus pandemic is currently a global public health emergency with no definitive treatment guidelines. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature evaluating the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine and its related formulations in COVID-19 patients.
Methods
A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, MedRxiv data and Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials for published articles that reported the outcomes of COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine or its compounds was done. We identified 1071 published studies and 7 studies were included in the analysis.
Results
The study population consisted of a total of 4984 patients, of which 1721 (34.5%) received hydroxychloroquine or its congeners (HCQ group) while 3091 (62.01%) received standard of care or had included antiviral medication (control group). The pooled estimate of successful treatment in the hydroxychloroquine group and the control group was 77.45% and 77.87% respectively, which indicated similar clinical outcomes in patients treated with hydroxychloroquine compared to the control group. The odds ratio of a favourable outcome with hydroxychloroquine was 1.11 (95 CI 0.72 to 1.69) (p = 0.20). The pooled risk difference of favourable outcome with hydroxychloroquine versus control group was 0.00 (95 CI -0.03 to 0.03) which was statistically not significant (p = 0.10).
Conclusions
: The present evidence shows no benefit of hydroxychloroquine in patients affected by mild to moderate COVID-19 disease. However, now several trials on HCQ are ongoing and hopefully more data will be available soon. Hence, the management of COVID-19 is set to change for better in the future.
Fractures of the distal femur typically occur in the axial and sagittal planes. A Hoffa fracture is a coronal plane fracture of the femoral condyle, which accounts for 8.7% to 13% of distal femoral fractures. It is usually associated with other injuries around the knee joint and hence is often missed. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review of papers published in the English language using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Database, which reported Hoffa's fracture associated with other injuries around the knee joint. We selected 11 eligible papers for final analysis and review. These papers had 12 patients with Hoffa's fracture, with associated injuries around the knee joint. The associated injuries with Hoffa's fracture were in the ipsilateral distal femur, proximal tibia fractures, patellar dislocation, patella fracture, and patellar tendon incarceration. The management principles for Hoffa's fracture with associated injuries around the knee joint are: having a high clinical index of suspicion for these injuries, obtaining all trauma series radiographs and computed tomography of the knee, achieving complete articular incongruity, and restoring the functions of the knee joint.
INTRODUCTIONIn most regions of the world the global epidemic of traffic injuries is still increasing.1 In India motor vehicle population is growing at a faster rate than the economic and population growth.2 It has been estimated that unless immediate action is taken, road deaths will rise to the fifth leading cause of deaths by 2030. It may result in an estimated 2.4 million fatalities per year. Half of all road traffic deaths are among pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists, and adults aged between 15 and 44 years account for 59% of deaths. It has been estimated that unless immediate action is taken, road deaths will rise to the fifth leading cause of deaths by 2020. 4 Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) are the leading cause of death among individuals aged 15 to 29 and second leading cause of mortality among 20-24 years ABSTRACT Background: In most regions of the world the global epidemic of traffic injuries is still increasing. In India motor vehicle population is growing at a faster rate than the economic and population growth. It has been estimated that unless immediate action is taken, road deaths will rise to the fifth leading cause of deaths by 2020.The present study was aimed to assess the level of awareness regarding road safety among the study participants and to study the behavior patterns while using motorized vehicles among the study participants.
Methods:The present cross-sectional study was conducted in Sri Siddhartha Dental College, Tumkur. All Undergraduate students were included in the study. A total of 200 students were studied. They all drive either their own vehicles or others' vehicles. They were aged from 17-27 years. The study period was from October 2016 to November 2016. Results: In total, 200 dental students were studied, ranging from 1 st to final year BDS of age 17-27years; the mean age being 21.67 and standard deviation of 3.170.Only 148(74%) wear helmet and only 61(30.5%) interpreted Gap-InMedian correct. Conclusions: The awareness regarding road safety measures among the study participants was satisfactory but interpretation of traffic signs was poor-only 30.5% interpreted gap-in-median correct. The behavioral patterns among dental students are not satisfactory-only 74% of students wear helmet while riding, only 81.5% wear seat belts and 23.5% don't follow lane rules while driving.
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