Earlier investigations have revealed that tumor cells undergo metabolic reprogramming and mainly derive their cellular energy from aerobic glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation even in the presence of oxygen. However, recent studies have shown that certain cancer cells display increased oxidative phosphorylation or high metabolically active phenotype. Cellular bioenergetic profiling of 13 established and 12 patient derived ovarian cancer cell lines revealed significant bioenergetics diversity. The bioenergetics phenotype of ovarian cancer cell lines correlated with functional phenotypes of doubling time and oxidative stress. Interestingly, chemosensitive cancer cell lines (A2780 and PEO1) displayed a glycolytic phenotype while their chemoresistant counterparts (C200 and PEO4) exhibited a high metabolically active phenotype with the ability to switch between oxidative phosphorylation or glycolysis. The chemosensitive cancer cells could not survive glucose deprivation, while the chemoresistant cells displayed adaptability. In the patient derived ovarian cancer cells, a similar correlation was observed between a high metabolically active phenotype and chemoresistance. Thus, ovarian cancer cells seem to display heterogeneity in using glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation as an energy source. The flexibility in using different energy pathways may indicate a survival adaptation to achieve a higher ‘cellular fitness’ that may be also associated with chemoresistance.
Vitamin D levels of pregnant women and their neonates tend to be related; however, it is unknown whether there are any subgroups in which they are not related. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured in prenatal maternal and child cord blood samples of participants (n = 241 pairs) in a birth cohort. Spearman correlations were examined within subgroups defined by prenatal and delivery factors. Cord blood as a percentage of prenatal 25(OH)D level was calculated and characteristics compared between those who did and did not have ≥25% and ≥50% of the maternal level and those who did and did not have a detectable 25(OH)D level. The correlation among Black children was lower than in White children. When the maternal 25(OH)D level was <15 ng/mL, the overall correlation was r = 0.16. Most children had a 25(OH)D cord blood level less than half of their mother's; 15.4% had a level that was <25% of their mother's. Winter birth and maternal level were associated with the level being less than 25%. Children with undetectable levels were more likely to be Black and less likely to be firstborn. These data suggest mothers may reduce their contribution to the fetus's 25(OH)D supply once their own level becomes low.
Objective: To determine how self-compassion and empathy might influence the degree of burnout, secondary traumatic stress and compassion satisfaction among medical students and residents. Methods: Cross-sectional survey of medical students and select residency programs at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan. Respondents completed the Professional Quality of Life Scale (burnout, secondary traumatic stress and compassion satisfaction), Neff's Self-Compassion Scale, and the empathic concern and personal distress subscales of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Results: The response rate was 28.6%. 23.9% and 27.3% of medical trainees reported high levels of burnout and secondary traumatic stress, respectively. Females reported greater empathy but lower self-compassion than males. Greater concern for others and oneself and lower personal distress predicted greater pleasure derived from professional work. Less concern for others and lower concern for oneself predicted greater burnout. Conclusions: Compassion for oneself and for others within their care appears to ameliorate burnout and can increase professional satisfaction. Initiatives to foster empathy and self-compassion may enhance individual well-being.
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