Keystone species play critical roles in ecological communities and ecosystem functions by interacting directly or indirectly with other species. Studies on keystone species will contribute to the understanding of community stability and mechanisms underlying ecosystem degradation. Based on a survey in Haizhou Bay and adjacent waters in 2011, the food web was constructed according to the predator–prey relationships of species. The binary network was analysed to calculate 11 network indices to identify keystone species, and removal analysis was conducted to examine the effects of the extinction of keystone species on the food web. Kendall rank correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations between most pairs of the 11 network indices (P<0.05). According to the results of principal component analysis of all these indices, several species, namely Leptochela gracilis, Loligo sp., Larimichthys polyactis, Alpheus japonicus and Oratosquilla oratoria, were identified as keystone species in the Haizhou Bay food web. Removal analysis suggested that the absence of keystone species may have considerable effects on the complexity and stability of the food web in Haizhou Bay. It is suggested that priority is given to the protection of keystone species in the marine ecosystem.
Land use change is an important part of global change, and land use research has also become the focus of global change research. With the growth of population and the economic development of society, the relationship between human beings and land is getting closer and closer, and the interaction is getting stronger and stronger. The resources and environmental problems brought by it have also received strong attention from all walks of life. The use of change has become a major factor in environmental change. At present, environmental problems have become the key link in ecological problems, and in environmental problems, soil pollution is one of the major sources of pollution. Soil pollution can affect crop yields and even contaminate groundwater, so soil pollution has always been a key link in pollution prevention. This paper introduces the connotation and related theories of land resource utilization change, and analyzes the formation and classification of soil pollution sources and the problems of land resource space utilization in the new era. On the basis of reviewing the status quo of soil pollution in China, this paper analyzes the risk analysis and damage of soil pollution, and studies the spatial and temporal pattern change of land use and soil pollution control countermeasures in the new period. In recent years, China’s environmental problems have become increasingly prominent, including soil pollution is relatively serious, soil pollution has a certain uniqueness, relatively hidden, lagging and long-lasting, it will cause pollution to crops and food, which in turn affect people’s health and soil pollution. Not only does it affect humans through crops, but it can also enter the human body through direct contact or breathing, causing harm to the human body. The research and analysis in this paper is to achieve the sustainable use of land resources in the new era and to ensure that people have access to adequate and safe food and living environment.
In order to ensure that the steel structure of the building can meet the requirements of the strength of the building structure and the strict requirements in the fields of earthquake resistance, fire protection, energy saving, and environmental protection in the construction process, a method based on virtual reality supply chain cloud computing collaborative management technology is proposed. This method analyzes the main technology of building steel structure and establishes personalized cloud computing collaborative management technology based on virtual reality supply chain. Based on the analysis of industry characteristics and personalized service characteristics, the virtual reality control mechanism of personalized data mining is proposed by considering the service time cost and user experience quality. Based on cloud computing and VIRTUAL reality GIS, a collaborative management and control system architecture is proposed to optimize user personalized needs and solve the impact of differentiation on the supply chain. Experimental results show that compared with the noncollaborative management scheme, the collaborative management algorithm proposed by this method reduces the interference of personalized differences on supply chain management by 25%. The experimental results show that this method can greatly guarantee the satisfaction of steel structure construction process.
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