Cobalt–nitrogen-functionalized materials have been recognized as promising catalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction because of their superior activity. In order to further improve their activity, we proposed an optimization method through coordination engineering in cobalt–nitrogen-functionalized porphyrin and graphene. By considering a series of derived structures with coordinating nitrogen atoms substituted by carbon or oxygen atoms, a clear activity trend is obtained by constructing a volcano-type plot for activity against adsorption energies of *CO. Detailed electronic structure analysis shows that the enhanced catalytic activity is due to the lacking of π bonding in Co–O bonds compared to Co–C or Co–N bonds in cobalt-centered motifs. This difference allows us to predict the catalytic activity by using the vacancy formation energy of the cobalt atom. Our work provides a general guideline for a rational design of efficient catalysts, which may stimulate further study of coordination engineering for other key energy conversion processes.
This study explores the relationship between the compensation gap within the top management team (TMT) and corporate performance. We focus on how the fairness preference of the TMT moderates this relationship. The existing researches on the relationship between the compensation gap within the TMT and corporate performance are inconclusive. The reason may be that the traditional tournament theory is based on the hypothesis of self-interest preference of homo economicus. In the research, the fairness preference theory is added to the traditional tournament model, and a more realistic tournament model considering fairness preference is constructed. Based on the analysis of the theoretical model and the empirical regression analysis of the panel data of 733 non-financial A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2014 to 2020, we draw the following main conclusions: (1) There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the TMT compensation gap and the corporate performance. Within the optimal compensation gap, there is a significant positive correlation. The larger the compensation gap, the better the corporate performance will be. When the optimal compensation gap is exceeded, there is a significant negative correlation. The larger the compensation gap, the worse the corporate performance will be. (2) The fairness preference of the TMT will weaken the correlation between the TMT compensation gap and corporate performance. Within the optimal compensation gap, the fairness preference will weaken the positive relationship between them, and when it exceeds the optimal compensation gap, the fairness preference will also weaken the negative relationship between them.
Swift and complete spindle disassembly is essential for cell survival, yet how it happens is largely unknown. Here we used real-time live-cell microscopy and biochemical assays to show that a cysteine-rich protein CRIPT dictates the spindle disassembly in a redox-dependent manner in human cells. This previously reported cytoplasmic protein was found to have a confined nuclear localization during interphase but was distributed to spindles and underwent redox modifications to form disulfides within CXXC pairs during mitosis. Then, it interacts with and transfers redox response to tubulin subunits to induce microtubule depolymerization. The mutants with any of cysteine substitution completely block the spindle disassembly generating two cell populations with longlasting metaphase spindles or spindle remnants. The live cell recordings of a diseaserelevant mutant (CRIPT C3Y ) revealed that microtubule depolymerization at spindle ends during anaphase and the entire spindle dissolution during telophase may share a common CRIPT-bearing redox-controlled mechanism.
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