Dempster rule is commonly used to combine evidence from different sensors because of its excellent mathematical properties (commutativity and associativity). However, the conflict coefficient k of this rule cannot be reasonably and effectively express the conflict between evidence, which makes the Dempster rule greatly questioned. To describe in the relationship between evidence (conflict or correlation) more accurately, an evidence correlation coefficient based on generalized information quality is proposed. First of all, according to Deng entropy to measure the uncertainty of each evidence, and combined with the information quality of Yager, new generalized information quality is proposed, which performs well in measuring the basic probability assignment's certainty. Second, the evidence itself is modified by generalized information quality, and the evidence correlation coefficient is calculated based on the Pearson coefficient formula. A new measurement method of evidence conflict based on evidence correlation coefficient is proposed. Finally, combined with the evidence correlation coefficient and DEMATEL model, the evidence is discounted and combined. Numerous examples are used to analyze and compare the evidence conflict coefficient and the evidence combination results. The experimental results demonstrate that, compared with other evidence conflict measurement methods, the evidence conflict coefficient calculated by this method can reflect the difference between evidence more effectively. The result of evidence combination is more reasonable and accurate.
A mobile-based high sensitivity absorptiometer is presented to detect organophosphorus (OP) compounds for Internet-of-Things based food safety tracking. This instrument consists of a customized sensor front-end chip, LED-based light source, low power wireless link, and coin battery, along with a sample holder packaged in a recycled format. The sensor front-end integrates optical sensor, capacitive transimpedance amplifier, and a folded-reference pulse width modulator in a single chip fabricated in a 0.18 m 1-poly 5-metal CMOS process and has input optical power dynamic range of 71 dB, sensitivity of 3.6 nW/cm 2 (0.77 pA), and power consumption of 14.5 W. Enabled by this high sensitivity sensor front-end chip, the proposed absorptiometer has a small size of 96 cm 3 , with features including on-field detection and wireless communication with a mobile. OP compound detection experiments of the handheld system demonstrate a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.4 mol/L, comparable to that of a commercial spectrophotometer. Meanwhile, an android-based application (APP) is presented which makes the absorptiometer access to the Internet-of-Things (IoT).
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