Further prospective controlled trials with large sample sizes are needed before recommendations can be made regarding the ideal ASD diet. This review emphasizes the value of identifying current nutritional approaches specific to individuals with ASD and integrating their effects on symptoms to the conversation and presents suggestions for future research designed to identify medical nutrition therapies targeting this population to better understand the link between ASD and nutrition.
Trans fatty acids (TFAs) are thought to affect reproductive health by causing adverse effects on sperm morphology and ovum quality as a result of changing membrane lipid composition which, in turn, leads to impairment in metabolic pathways. This literature review examines the evidence for the effects of dietary TFAs on male and female infertility. Studies conducted between 2007 and 2017 on the effect of dietary TFAs on human reproductive health and fetal life have been included. They indicate that TFA intakes are inversely proportional to sperm concentration and total sperm count and exhibit a positive correlation with asthenospermia, as well as an adverse association on sperm concentration and semen quality. In the female TFAs intakes are associated with an increase in the risk of ovulatory infertility, adversely affect the length of gestation leading to fetal developmental defects and fetal loss. The findings suggest that high TFA intake (more than 1% of energy consumption) constitute a risk factor for infertility in both sexes.
DERLEME / Review Öz Dünya genelinde kardiyovasküler hastalıklardan kaynaklanan morbiditenin ve mortalitenin ciddi rakamlara ulaştığı bilinmektedir. Günümüzde, yaşam tarzının ve beslenme alışkanlıklarının değişmesi ile kardiyovasküler hastalıkların morbiditesi artmıştır. Besinlerin bitkisel sterolleri/stanolleri, enterohepatik döngü içindeki kolesterol ve lipid düzenleyici hedeflerin regülasyonunu sağlayarak kardiyovasküler hastalıkların morbiditesini değiştirebilir ve düzeltebilir. Bitkisel sterollerin/stanollerin bağırsak lümeninde eksojen (diyet) ve endojen kaynaklı kolesterol ile rekabet etmek, bağırsak kolesterolü emilimini azaltmak ve kolesterol sentezinde görevli genlerin ifadesini değiştirmek gibi önemli etkileri vardır. Bitkisel steroller/stanoller hepatik döngü içerisindeki etkinliği ile kardiyovasküler hastalıklar için risk faktörü olan toplam kolesterol, düşük yoğunluklu lipoprotein kolesterol ve trigliserit konsantrasyonlarını önemli ölçüde düşürmektedir. Ayrıca, bitkisel steroller/stanoller aterosklerozun patogenezinde önemli rol oynayan trombotik seviyeleri ve plazma fibrinojen seviyelerini düşürerek aterosklerotik süreç üzerinde etkilidir.
Krill which is a shrimp-like
cold ocean creature is an important nutraceutical agent because it contains
nutrient components (polyunsaturated fatty acids, astaxanthin, etc.) that have
positive effects on health. Although its cardioprotective, neuroprotective and
anti-inflammatory properties have been emphasized so far, it also has
anticancer properties. It has been reported to inhibit the proliferation of
cancerous cells, prevent metastasis and tumor growth, and induce apoptosis in
cancer cells through various mechanisms such as regulation of the
omega-3/omega-6 ratio, inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation,
activation of caspase 3/9, and increasing mitochondrial membrane potential. It
has been reported to induce apoptosis as well. It is believed that Krill can
reduce the incidence of cancer and play an effective role in cancer treatment
due to the above-mentioned properties.
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