Based on computerized modeling studies, it has been postulated that the severe hypoxemia in COVID-19 may result from impaired oxygen carrying capacity on hemoglobin. Standard pulse oximetry may not detect hypoxemia resulting from hemoglobinopathy, therefore hemoglobin co-oximetry is needed to evaluate this divergence. In a clinical data analysis of a multicenter cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, we found a minimal effect, less than 1%, on the correlation between oxyhemoglobin concentration and predicted oxygen saturation in the presence of COVID-19 infection. This effect is unlikely to explain the clinically significant hypoxia in COVID-19 patients.
Case based learning technique (CBL) has been in practice throughout the world for a few decades now. Our institute adopted it some four years back, when it shifted towards modular system of teaching. It is the main technique being used for conducting small group discussions. We decided to introduce a new technique called the gamification technique of conducting small group discussion. Need was there to know the effectiveness of the new technique as well as to assess the factors for its preference so it could be modified to be more productive. The aim of this research was to assess the effectiveness of gamification teaching technique in comparison to the traditional CBL technique both quantitatively and qualitatively.
This is a mixed‐method randomized controlled trial, conducted in Khyber Medical College on First Year Medical Students from June to October 2021. Group based teaching involving both CBL and gamification approach was used in this study in a cross over manner. Addressing the ethical concerns, and after informed consent pre‐ and post‐testing was done to quantify the performance and an open‐ended survey was disseminated after the sessions to check the perception of the students.
The study recorded (quantitatively) that post testing mean score of gamification teaching technique was 3.41±0.982, while for CBL the mean was 3.55±1.055, recording an insignificant difference with p‐value of 0.608. In qualitative analysis, about 12 (80%) students preferred the gamification technique, their perception being that it instills competitiveness, increases the involvement of students in class and their motivation level. This research further revealed that the CBL approach had the advantage of quick learning via the facilitator presentation, and due to the handouts, it was easy to follow. Some of the negative points of CBL reported were that; the participants found it a boring and monotonous way of learning. The drawback of gamification reported was, that the students were unsure about the accuracy of the information they prepared initially as it wasn’t being directed by the facilitator. The study concluded an insignificant difference among the two techniques quantitatively; however, qualitatively the students preferred gamification as a better technique for learning.
Objective: To assess the author and journal self-citation amongst journals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2021 to July 2021. In total, manuscript published in 10 journals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, either recognized by the Higher Education Commission or Pakistan Medical Commission, in the years 2018 and 2019 were included in the present research. All types of manuscripts were analyzed using a pre-designed data extraction table. Results were extracted, analyzed and appropriate statistics were applied.
Results: About 1235 manuscripts published in 68 issues over a period of two years’ time were analyzed. The majority of manuscripts were 1039 (84.1%) original articles followed by case reports 90 (7.3%). Author self-citation came out to be 11.26% and journal self-citation was 6.5%. The same institute’s author affiliation came out to be 40.6%.
Conclusion: The trend of author self-citation was found to be high while that of journal self-citation was low when compared with already prevalent literature.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.6571
How to cite this:Ahmed MS, Zafar U, Zafar H, Shahid-Ullah M, Khan FA. The menace of self citation: An audit of two years from journals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.6571
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