Sustainability is a crucial issue for our times and architecture has an important role to play in sustainable development. Buildings are responsible for approximately 40% of the total world annual energy consumption. In addition, over the past decade, several new approaches have emerged for the incorporation of sustainability and renewable energy into architectural education. One way of reducing building energy consumption is to educate architects in the design of buildings which are powered by renewable forms of energy for heating, lighting, cooling and ventilation. A comparison of sustainable architectural education in economically developed countries with that in developing ones provides some insights about how to modernize the architectural curriculum to facilitate the process of sustainable development. The key finding of this research is to offer design studio courses, short courses, and online courses in architectural education including the principles of sustainable development and the role of renewable energy, energy efficiency, and embodied energy.

There is an increasing need for the development of low-cost and highly sensitive gas sensors for environmental, commercial, and industrial applications in various areas, such as hazardous gas monitoring, safety, and emission control in combustion processes. Considering this, resistive-based gas sensors using metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) have gained special attention owing to their high sensing performance, high stability, and low cost of synthesis and fabrication. The relatively low final costs of these gas sensors allow their commercialization; consequently, they are widely used and available at low prices. This review focuses on the important MOSs with different morphologies, including quantum dots, nanowires, nanofibers, nanotubes, hierarchical nanostructures, and other structures for the fabrication of resistive gas sensors.

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Flexible/wearable gas sensor technology is gaining huge interest in the current era of the Internet of Things for its applications in personal environmental monitoring, healthcare, and safety. In this respect,...

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