This paper presents an application of physical models composed of springs, dampers and masses in various arrangements to simulate a real car collision with a rigid pole. Equations of motion of these systems are being established and subsequently solutions to obtain differential equations are formulated. We begin with a general model consisting of two masses, two springs and two dampers and illustrate its application to modelling fore-frame and aft-frame of a vehicle. Hybrid models, as being particular cases of two-mass-spring-damper model, are elaborated afterwards and their application to predict results of real collision is shown. Models' parameters are obtained by fitting their response equations to the real vehicle's crush coming from the data measurement analysis. For the full-scale experiment and created models we perform comparative analysis of both kinematic and energy responses.
The present study tries to design and evaluate the psychometric properties of coping strategies scale for family caregivers of hemodialysis patients. This study consisted of two phases: phase one was a qualitative study to analyze the experiences of coping strategies of hemodialysis patients' family caregivers' (N = 14). Then, the items were extracted from the interviews and the literature. Phase two was a psychometric assessment including face validity, content validity, construct validity (N = 245) and reliability. In phase one, 89 items were extracted and after face and content validity, 56 items remained. Construct validity of the scale, based on exploratory factor analysis, removed another 22 items. The remaining 34 items contained nine subscales (active coping, positive thinking, appeal to spirituality, help-seeking, altruism, acting out, self-blaming, seeking isolation, and intentional forgetting). The reliability of the scale with Cronbach's Alpha was 0.91 and its stability was obtained through test-retest (ICC = 0.9). Coping strategies scale for family caregivers of hemodialysis patients has an acceptable validity and reliability. The tool can be used to assess effective and ineffective coping strategies in family caregivers of hemodialysis patients that may be useful for facilitating management and education of efficient coping strategies to family caregivers of hemodialysis patients.
Mobile learning is one of the pivotal advances in the 21 st century education. However, other than its performance and function, its acceptance by the students is a very important factor in successful implementation of mobile learning. The present study was an attempt to determine the effective factors in acceptance of m-learning and determine the type of relationship among the factors in the undergraduate healthcare professional students based on technology acceptance model (TAM). This survey study was carried out as a descriptive-analytical work. A total of 310 students in Saveh University of Medical Sciences in Iran were selected in 2018. Data gathering tool was a researcher designed questionnaire designed based on technology acceptance model of which validity and reliability were supported beforehand. Data analyses were carried out through structural equation modeling and confirmatory path analysis in LISREL. The mean score of all variables (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude and intention to use, and actual use) except the external factors were higher than base mean score (m ≥ 3), which indicates good acceptance of mobile learning among the students. The lowest mean score was obtained by teacher's support of using mobile for learning purposes (an external factor). There was a significant correlation among the external factors, perceived usefulness, attitude and intention to use, and actual use (p < 0.05).The results supported effectiveness of the constructs of technology acceptance method and its ability to predict acceptance of mobile learning. TAM factors were significant determinants of mobile learning acceptance.
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