Iraqi roads mainly suffer from rutting distresses which resulting from extremely axle loading and high difference in temperature between seasons and even in day and night for the same day. Different types of modifier polymer have been inserted into asphalt materials to enhance the characteristics of asphalt concrete mixture as a whole. Thus, this paper has generally been dedicated to investigate the effect of using two types of polymers; Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) on the rutting distress. Accordingly, five ratios (4%, 6%, 8% and 10%) of SBS and HDPE have been used as a percentage of total mix in order to get the optimum influence of each ratio. Hence, the best ratios for surface (Type III A) layer are 8% HDPE and 6% SBS; whereas these ratios for binder layer are 6% HDPE and 2% SBS. The results indicate that the reduction in rutting percent are (72% and 65%) for HDPE and SBS for each type of additives at 40°C. Accordingly, this means these types of polymers have a significant role in reduction of rutting in surfacing and binder layers.
Nowadays, a lot of waste glass produced through different sides of life. Applying sustainability has been widely used in different construction materials and flexible pavement was contained different recycled materials through different studies. Recycled glass, where it is nonmetallic and inorganic, it can neither be incinerated nor decomposed, so it may be difficult to reclaim, has been used as filler, fine and coarse aggregates in the asphalt base course. In this study, various standard asphalt tests, such as stability, flow, density and air voids, have been conducted on reference mix asphalt and mix asphalt with different percentages of recycled glass when it has been used as filler, fine and coarse aggregates in the base course. Generally, the results show good indication, especially when using 10% of the recycled glass instead of coarse aggregate with 40-50 asphalt grades. This percentage improves most characteristics such as strength retained index which indicates better performance than reference mix.
Finding a vacant parking space nowadays is time and fuel consuming. This problem may cause drivers to get frustrated and eventually improper parking will appear. The universities, in particular, are one of these places, which needs more attention for providing parking services.Therefore, this study has focused on finding the parking required for such facilities and the benefit of applying smart parking services there. The main campus of the University of Kufa has been evaluated by collecting parking data for both on-street and off-street parking. The results of field data show a clear lack of parking space for most of the faculties in the main campus. The required additional parking spaces are 260.This study has suggested using the smart parks. The model of smart park system has been introduced by this study as a solution to the parking problem, especially in the university and generally in other places. Arduino and ultrasonic sensors were used to detect the empty places in a park and display this status to the screen. The model has been applied at the park of College of Engineering with encouraging results.
Now a days, modeling traffic characteristics are very important in evaluating traffic facilitates such normal section, weaving and merging sections. Lane changing and lane utilization are important traffic characteristics that are widely studied. Therefore this study is focused on both of these. The lane changing behavior affects the capacity and safety of roads. The distribution of vehicles among lanes of roadway is important in terms of different aspects such as safety, traffic management and even the structural design of roads. Field data have been collected from different rural roads. Two types of roads were studied; two-lane section and three-lane section. The results of analysis for collected data indicate that the driver behaviour is different in terms of lane utilization in Iraq from other countries and the same behaviour was found for lane changes also. Compared to other countries, Iraq has the lowest lane utilization and highest frequency of lane changes. These data are urgently needed nowadays for calibrating and validating the sophisticated programs such as simulated microscopic programs. These data are so important to mimic the reality for driver behaviors in rural roadways.
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