BackgroundPosttraumatic stiffness of the elbow is a common finding after elbow trauma. Restoration of motion in the posttraumatic stiff elbow is difficult, time consuming, and requires high patient compliance. We have evaluated the long-term effect of an open elbow arthrolysis in the posttraumatic stiff elbow.MethodsWe evaluated 43 patients (14 women, 29 men) with a median age of 47(16–78) years operated with open arthrolysis for a posttraumatic stiff elbow. The median follow-up time was 41(12–204) months. The patients were hospitalized median 12(4–14) days, with daily physiotherapy and NSAID. 36 patients tolerated continuous passive motion (CPM) for 11(0–42) days. 35 patients had a well-functioning brachial plexus anesthesia for median 7(1–18) days. We used the paired 2-tailed T-test in our statistical analysis.ResultsPreoperatively the patients had a median flexion of 110(30–160)°, extension 40(10–90)°, and the total flexion-extension sector (F/E) was 50(0–110)°. At follow-up the patients had a median flexion of 132(75–151)° and extension of 23(8–84)°, which indicate a median gain of 42(−50–114)°. The subjective functional scores (Mayo Elbow Score, EQ5D, Q-Dash, and VAS for pain) were satisfying, and most of the patients (81 %) would have done the operation once again knowing the outcome. We had 5 temporary ulnar neuropraxias, one became permanent and in addition ankylotic, one temporary radial neuropraxia, two superficial wound infections, and one transient hematoma.ConclusionOpen arthrolysis of the posttraumatic stiff elbow is associated with reliable clinical and functional long-term outcomes.