The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between salivary oxidative stress and dental-oral health. Healthy young adults, matched for gender and age, with (N = 21, 10 men, mean age: 20.3 ± 1 years) and without (N = 16, 8 men, mean age: 21.2 ± 1.8 years) caries were included in this study. The World Health Organization (WHO) caries diagnostic criteria were used for determining the decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index. The oral hygiene and gingival status were assessed using the simplified oral hygiene index and gingival index, respectively. Unstimulated salivary total protein, glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation and total sialic acid levels, carbonic anhydrase activity, and salivary buffering capacity were determined by standard methods. Furthermore, salivary pH was measured with pH paper and salivary flow rate was calculated. Simplified oral hygiene index and gingival index were not significantly different between groups but DMFT scores were significant (P < 0.01). Only, GSH values were significantly different (P < 0.05) between groups (2.2 and 1.6 mg/g protein in young adults without caries and with caries, respectively). There was a significant negative correlation between DMFT and GSH (r = -0.391; P < 0.05; Pearson's correlation coefficient). Our results suggest that there is an association between caries history and salivary GSH levels. In this study, the relationship between dental caries and glutathione (GSH) as an important antioxidant, lipid peroxidation (LPO) as an indicator of oxidative damage of oral tissues, sialic acid (SA) as a mediator for bacterial adhesion, carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity as a key enzyme for oral physiology and other salivary parameters such as salivary buffering capacity, pH and saliva flow rate (SFR) were evaluated in healthy young adults with and without caries.The present study was designed in accordance with the guidelines issued in the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the local Ethical Committee. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. A total of 37 healthy young adults with (N = 21, 10 men) and without (N = 16, 8 men) caries, who are students at the Dental Faculty, were included in this study. Their ages were between 19 and 25 years and the mean were 21.2 and 20.3 years for caries-free and with caries subjects, respectively (P > 0.05). All subjects were instructed to refrain from smoking, eating and drinking for 12 h prior to saliva collection and to brush their teeth in the morning. Fasting unstimulated whole saliva samples were always collected between 8:30 and 11:00 h. Before saliva collection, the mouth was rinsed with distilled water. Subsequently, saliva was allowed to accumulate on the floor of the mouth and the subjects were instructed to spit into a test tube. Each saliva collection period was 10-min long. Immediately after collection, saliva volume was measured and the ^
Aims The objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of SARS CoV-2 in aerosol and COVID-19 contamination distance during ultrasonic scaling and tooth preparation. Methods Twenty-four patients with COVID-19 were included in this study. Removal of supragingival plaque with ultrasonic instruments for 10 min and high-speed air-turbine using for the simulation of cutting the maxillary right canine tooth with a round diamond bur for 5 min were performed. Patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups: In Group A, medium-volume suction was used during treatment. In Group B, high-volume suction with an aerosol cannula was added to medium-volume suction. Prior to treatment, 5 glass petri dishes containing viral transport medium were placed in the operating room. After treatment, petri dishes were immediately delivered to a microbiology laboratory for real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Results RT-PCR test results were negative for all specimens in Group B. However, 5 positive test results for COVID-19 were detected in Group A specimens. Conclusion Suction with an aerosol cannula is very important to prevent COVID-19 viral contamination via aerosol. In addition, a high-volume suction capacity (air volume) of 150 mmHg or 325 l/min is sufficient for elimination of viral contamination. Thus, high-volume suction should be used during dental treatments in COVID-19 patients.
The aim of this study was to investigate carbonic anhydrase (CA) VI Exon 2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and its possible association with salivary parameters in type 2 diabetic patients compared to healthy adults. Caries status was measured by using the DMFT (number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth) index. Unstimulated whole saliva and blood samples were taken. SNPs of CA gene exon 2 were determined by PCR and DNA sequencing. Salivary CA activity and buffering capacity were determined by the method of Verpoorte and Ericson, respectively. Furthermore, salivary pH was measured with pH paper and salivary flow rate was calculated. Salivary buffering capacity and pH were significantly lower in diabetic patients than those of healthy subjects (P < 0.05). Salivary flow rate, CA activity and DMFT levels did not differ between groups (P > 0.05). Four SNPs were detected; their pubmed database number are rs2274327 (C/T), rs2274328 (A/C), rs2274329 (G/C) and rs2274330. While first three of those were responsible for amino acid changes, the last one was not. The frequencies of SNPs were not significant between groups (P > 0.05). Positive significant correlation was found between CA activity and the frequency of SNPs. There was no correlation between the SNPs frequencies and pH or buffering capacity. SNPs found in this study may be related to salivary CA activity in diabetics.
Human low-molecular weight salivary mucin (MUC7) is a small, secreted glycoprotein coded by MUC7. In the oral cavity, they inhibit the colonization of oral bacteria, including cariogenic ones, by masking their surface adhesions, thus helping saliva to avoid dental caries. The N-terminal domain is important for low-molecular weight (MG2) mucins to contact with oral microorganisms. In this study, we aimed to identify the N-terminal coding region of the MUC7 gene between individuals with and without caries. Forty-four healthy dental students were enrolled in this study; 24 of them were classified to have caries [decayed, missing, filled-teeth (DMFT) = 5.6] according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, and 20 of them were caries-free (DMFT = 0). Simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) and gingival index (GI) were used to determine the oral hygiene and gingival conditions. Total protein levels and salivary total protein levels and salivary buffer capacity (SBC) were determined by Lowry and Ericsson methods. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood cells of all the participants and genotyping was carried out by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequencing method. No statistical differences were found between two groups in the terms of salivary parameters, oral hygiene and gingival conditions. We detected one common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that leads to a change of asparagine to lysine at codon 80. This substitution was found in 29.0 and 40.0%, respectively, of the groups with and without caries. No other sequence variations were detected. The SNP found in this study may be a specific polymorphism affecting the Turkish population. Further studies with extended numbers are necessary in order to clarify this finding.
Objectives: Thermal trauma during implant surgery limits the proper healing process. The aim of the study wasto investigate the effect of different irrigation temperatures during implant surgery on the osseointegration of dental implants. Materials and Methods: Eight adult male New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. Total of 32 implants were inserted in each tibia of each rabbit's rear legs. Rabbits were randomly divided according to different irrigation procedures applied (37°C, 24°C, 10°C, and 1°C). Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) was performed following to implant surgery, 1th week, 2nd week, 3rd week, and 1th month. In addition, removal torque values (RTVs) were measured from sacrificed tibias at the end of 30 days. Results: No significant difference in implant stability quotient (ISQ) was detected between groups from the first measurement to 5th measurement. However, there was a statistically significant difference in RTVs between 1°C and 37°C, and 1°C and 10°C (p=0.024 and p=0.013, respectively). Conclusions: Different irrigation temperatures during implant surgery were not effective on the primary and secondary stability values of dental implants in rabbit models.
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