A first oral intake in children 1 h after anesthesia for minor surgery seems not to increase the incidence of vomiting as long as the ingested fluid is at body temperature.
We investigated the influence of intravenous clonidine 2, 4 and 6 microg kg-1 on the electroencephalogram and on the minimal alveolar concentration of isoflurane in 40 patients aged 20-60 years undergoing elective surgery. Minimal alveolar concentration was determined using the Dixon 'up-and-down' method. Thirty min after the clonidine infusion anaesthesia was induced with etomidate, 0.25 mg kg-1. Skin incision was made after stable end-tidal isoflurane concentrations had been maintained for at least 15 min. Clonidine caused significant decreases in the spectral edge (95%) and median power frequency of the electroencephalogram and in the bispectral index. The minimal alveolar concentration of isoflurane decreased in a dose-dependent manner from 1.32% (95% CI, 1.28%-1.36%) in the control group to 1.03% (0.9%-1.18%) in patients given clonidine 6 microg kg-1. Clonidine 4 and 6 microg kg-1 was associated with a moderate reduction in heart rate and arterial systolic blood pressure. We recommend the use of clonidine intravenously as an adjunct to general anaesthesia in a dose of 4 microg kg-1 given 15 min before induction of anaesthesia.
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