The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202203449.Ternary hexagonal manganites, RMnO 3 (R = Sc, Y, In, and Dy-Lu), have been intensively studied as model system for improper ferroelectricity. [19] In contrast to proper ferroelectrics, The research on topological phenomena in ferroelectric materials has revolutionized the way people understand polar order. Intriguing examples are polar skyrmions, vortex/anti-vortex structures, and ferroelectric incommensurabilties, which promote emergent physical properties ranging from electricfield-controllable chirality to negative capacitance effects. Here, the impact of topologically protected vortices on the domain formation in improper ferroelectric ErMnO 3 polycrystals is studied, demonstrating inverted domain scaling behavior compared to classical ferroelectrics. It is observed that as the grain size increases, smaller domains are formed. Phase field simulations reveal that elastic strain fields drive the annihilation of vortex/anti-vortex pairs within the grains and individual vortices at the grain boundaries. The inversion of the domain scaling behavior has far-reaching implications, providing fundamentally new opportunities for topology-based domain engineering and the tuning of the electromechanical and dielectric performance of ferroelectrics in general.
EBSD (electron backscatter diffraction) of geological samples can be a challenge due to the complex crystal structures of minerals and commonly 5 or more different minerals in the samples. This poses a big challenge as the EBSP (electron backscatter diffraction patterns) of the minerals like feldspar and quartz commonly are much noisier than metallurgical materials that have simpler structures. Therefore, the indexing of geological samples can commonly be quite difficult and to correct for this in the online procedure means that the data acquisition needs to be redone on the SEM. This is a costly procedure, also because the indexing can take longer than the pattern acquisition itself. We, therefore, suggest that offline techniques are better suited for geological materials because the patterns can be re-indexed using different settings and further can be processed using different software both for indexing and pattern improvement. EBSD commonly have geometric scan distortion which increases with decreasing magnification. This problem is solved by acquiring using a geometric online scan correction during data collection in the NORDIF software using calibration grid. This overcomes stitching problems and additionally removes hidden problems such as geometrically distorted grain boundary segments and grain shape distortions.
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