Programmable matter i.e. matter that can change its physical properties, more likely its shape according to an internal or an external action is a good example of a cybermatics component. As it links a cyberized shape to real matter, it is a straight example of cyber-physical conjugation. But, this interaction between virtual and real worlds needs two elements. The first one is to find a way to represent the cyberized object using programmable matter and the second is to be able to adapt the matter to the cyberized changes. This article presents the progresses made in these two topics within the Claytronics project.

Energy efficiency is a major concern in the emerging mobile cellular wireless networks since massive connectivity is to be expected with high energy requirements from the network operators. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) being the frontier multiple access scheme for 5G, there exists numerous research attempts on enhancing the energy efficiency of NOMA enabled wireless networks while maintaining its outstanding performance metrics such as high throughput, data rates and capacity maximized optimally.The concept of green NOMA is introduced in a generalized manner to identify the energy efficient NOMA schemes. These schemes will result in an optimal scenario in which the energy generated for communication is managed sustainably. Hence, the effect on the environment, economy, living beings, etc is minimized. The recent research developments are classified for a better understanding of areas which are lacking attention and needs further improvement. Also, the performance comparison of energy efficient, NOMA schemes against conventional NOMA is presented. Finally, challenges and emerging research trends, for energy efficient NOMA are discussed.

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