Kangal shepherd dogs have excellent sensory organs and perform missions perfectly. For this reason, in many countries of the world, they are preferred for herd guard and as shepherd dog. One of these sensory organs is hearing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the deafness risk estimation analysis of Kangal shepherd dogs breeding in Sivas province of Turkey. The Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response test was applied to 160 Kangal shepherd dogs in Sivas province city center and districts. During the application, the dogs were kept in the present natural environment. The dogs were divided into groups according to their general, gender and age and their responses to frequencies ranging from 20, 40, 60 and 80 decibels (dB) for the right and left ears were investigated. One-Way ANOVA and Duncan multiple comparison test were used in the age group comparison and independent samples t-test was used in the comparison of the other groups. All statistical analysis were performed in the SPSS v.15 software. As a result, the presence of unilateral deafness was detected in 2 dogs in totally. It was also shown that the sense of hearing did not improve in puppies up to 11 days old. Group comparisons were provided statistical significance for right ear in 40 and 60 dB for age groups and right ear in 80 dB for gender groups (P<0.05). There was no difference in comparison of the other frequencies of the groups (P>0.05). This is the first study that deafness estimation was conducted in Kangal shepherd dogs.
This study was performed during the anestrous, involving 140 Akkaraman Kangal ewes whose lambs had died in the neonatal stage due to pneumonia and enteritis. Intravaginal sponge containing progesterone was placed to the animals (Group 1, n = 70) on day 0 and removed after 7 days, following which 263 µg PGF2α and 500 IU eCG were administered to the sheep. Ram introduction was performed for 7 days (days 8-14), starting from the day after the removal of the intravaginal sponge (day 8). The animals in Group 2 (n = 70) were not exposed to any treatment. Ram introduction was performed simultaneously in both the groups. To determine the reproductive response, reproductive parameters such as estrous, pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, and embryonic mortality rates, number of births, number of offspring, and fertility, as well as their economic implications, were compared between groups. Each reproductive parameter exhibited a statistical difference between groups. An economically positive trend was observed in the study group compared with the control group. It was concluded that in case of lamb losses in commercial farms that derive profit from lambing, pregnancy of ewes can be achieved via sexual stimulation without waiting for the next breeding season.
Özet: Bu araştırmada, Kayseri ili Damızlık Sığır Yetiştiricileri Birliği'ne üye 196 işletmedeki Holstein ırkı 1.705 ineğe ait toplam 3.814 laktasyon kaydı; ilkine buzağılama yaşı (İBY), buzağılama aralığı (BA) ve gebelik başına tohumlama sayısı (GBTS) yönünden incelenmiş ve bu parametrelerin hedef değerlerden sapması sonucunda meydana gelen mali kayıplar hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmada, ortalama İBY 821 gün, BA 403 gün ve GBTS ise 1.8 adet olarak hesaplanmış, aynı parametreler için hedeften sapmalar da sırasıyla 91 gün, 38 gün ve 0.1 adet olarak belirlenmiştir. Genel olarak, İBY ve BA'nda 1 günlük gecikme nedeniyle oluşan ortalama mali kayıp sırasıyla 15.6 TL/inek (10.4 US$/inek) ve 11.3 TL/inek (7.5 US$/inek) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, İBY, BA ve GBTS'nda hedef değerlerden sapma nedeniyle oluşan toplam mali kayıp 3.345.092 TL (2.230.061 US$) olarak hesaplanmıştır.Anahtar sözcükler: Fertilite bozuklukları, finansal kayıp, süt sığırcılığı. Calculating the financial losses due to fertility disorders in dairy herdsSummary: In this study, 3.814 lactation records of 1.705 Holstein cows from 196 dairy herds of Kayseri Dairy Breeding Association members were evaluated for age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI) and number of insemination per conception (NIPC) and financial losses due to deviation from target levels of these parameters were calculated. In the study, average AFC, CI and NIPC were calculated as 821 days, 403 days and 1.8 semens and deviations from target level were determined as 91 days, 38 days and 0.1 semens respectively. In general, average financial losses due to 1 day delay of AFC and CI determined as 15.6 TL/cow
Aksaray Malaklısı is one of the indigenous dog breeds of Turkey. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the current situation of hearing of Aksaray Malaklısı that were raised in Sivas. Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAER) test was performed in 34 Aksaray Malaklısı shepherd dogs in 3 farms in Sivas city center and Kangal district, and hearing thresholds were evaluated in 20, 40, 60, and 80 decibels (dB) thresholds. Afterwards, the dogs were grouped as according to general outlook, gender, whether the ear was cut or not, and age range, and comparisons were made in terms of wavelengths of both ears. In group comparisons, independent t-test was used in the general group, Mann Whitney U test was applied in groups formed according to gender and whether the ear was cut or not, and Kruskal-Wallis test was used in the age group. All statistical analyzes were performed in SPSS v.25 package program. As a result of the study, it was determined that a total of 2 animals had unilateral (left side) deafness. As a result of the comparison of the groups, no statistical significance was detected in any group and in any wave size (P>0.05). In this study, it was determined that there was no decrease in the sense of hearing as age progressed in age groups and there was no difference between the genders. This study has the feature of being the first study in which deafness screening was performed in Aksaray Malaklısı shepherd dogs. The study should be expanded to include the animals in the hands of the breeder in the province of Aksaray, where Aksaray Malaklı are bred.
Bu çalışmada Türkiye'deki kooperatif ve birlik yapısı incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın ana kurgusunu daha önce yapılmış çalışmalar ve özellikle yazarın daha önce 8 yıl damızlık sığır yetiştiricileri merkez birliğinde soy kütüğü, döl kontrolü ve koruyucu hekimlik alanında çalıştığı dönemdeki tecrübeleri ile 197 kooperatif ve 120 birlik üyesiyle yapılan saha görüşmeleri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada kooperatiflerin ve birliklerin henüz istenen örgütlülük yapısına ulaşamadığı, yetiştiriclerin bu yapıları ekonomik destek aldıkları bir yer olarak gördükleri ve yeterince aidiyetlik hissetmedikleri tespit edilmiştir. Kooperatif ve birliklerin genel yapıları, mevcut sorunları tespit edilmeye çalışılmış ve bu sorunlar için çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.
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