The spinal arachnoid web is an abnormal formation of an arachnoid membrane in the subarachnoid space. It is a rare entity with some degree of uncertainty surrounding its etiology. It can result in a displacement of the spinal cord causing pain and neurological symptoms as well as blockage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and subsequent syringomyelia. The syrinx resulting from the altered CSF flow dynamics has been described to assume variable positions relative to the web itself. The "scalpel sign" is regarded as a pathognomonic feature of a spinal arachnoid web. The arachnoid web, however, is relatively thin and may be elusive of routine radiological investigations. As such, a myriad of preoperative and intraoperative investigations have been postulated to improve the sensitivity of detecting this abnormality. Management of spinal arachnoid webs ranges from conservative management to surgical excision where in the latter, the extent of excision remains the subject of debate. The authors herein present a review of the available information on this rare topic.

CDFS combined with TLA for treatment of GSV incompetence yields good mid-term results in terms of occlusion rate, clinical severity, patients' QoL, and safety.

Background: To address the predictors of hemodynamic instability (HI) related to carotid artery stenting (CAS) and evaluate the association between HI and periprocedural adverse outcomes. Methods: This study comprised all consecutive patients who underwent CAS for atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis from March 2014 to May 2018. A standardized dose of atropine (0.4 mg) was given prior to stent deployment. Changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and neurological status were monitored and recorded. Potential predictors of HI were tested in multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression model. Results: A total of 728 patients were enrolled. Two hundred twenty seven patients (31.2%) developed periprocedural HI. The presence of hypertension (OR, 2.037; 95% CI, 1.292-3.211; P = 0.0022), symptomatic carotid lesions (OR, 1.704; 95% CI, 1.057-2.747; P = 0.0287), right sided lesions (OR, 3.090; 95% CI, 1.934-4.935; P ≤ 0.0001), hyperechoic/calcified plaques (OR, 2.195; 95% CI, 1.458-3.304; p P = 0.0002), and longer lesions (OR, 1.043; 95% CI, 1.012-1.076; P = 0.0072) were significant predictable factors for the occurrence of HI. On the other hand, smoking was significantly associated with a 48.1% decrease in risk of development of HI (OR, 0.519; 95% CI, 0.358-0.754; P = 0.0006). There were no statistically significant differences in periprocedural morbidity or mortality between patients with and without HI. Conclusion: HI occurs in a considerable percentage of patients undergoing CAS. Hypertension, right sided, symptomatic carotid lesions, calcified plaques, and longer lesions were shown to be independent risk factors for the development of periprocedural HI. Conversely, smoking demonstrated a protective effect. HI did not appear to predispose to periprocedural adverse events.

Primary balloon angioplasty of failing lower extremity bypass grafts, notwithstanding the higher restenosis rate and the need for reintervention, appears to be safe and is associated with acceptable early and medium-term patency rates. Grafts with multiple lesions and those revised ≤6 months of the index operation showed a significant association with the need for a second revision at the same site.

This study suggests that the complete wound healing rate is better when the target foot lesion receives direct perfusion following the angiosome concept, whereas limb salvage and AFS rates were not significantly different among the DR and IR groups.