Abstract:. The study aims to examine the influence of CPA learning approach towards the enhancement of mathematical connection ability of elementary school students. The present research is a quasi experiment using pretest and posttest design controls in Mathematics applied to 39 elementary school students in Purwakarta, West Java, Indonesia. The results of the study show that mathematical connection ability of elementary school students who were taught using CPA learning approach is enhanced than the elementary school students who were taught using conventional learning as a whole group of high and low achiever students according to their mathematical prior ability. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pendekatan pembelajaran CPA terhadap peningkatan kemampuan koneksi matematika siswa sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan menggunakan kontrol desain pretest dan posttest dalam Matematika diterapkan kepada 39 siswa sekolah dasar di Purwakarta, Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan koneksi matematika siswa sekolah dasar yang diajarkan menggunakan pendekatan pembelajaran CPA lebih meningkat daripada siswa sekolah dasar yang diajar menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional secara keseluruhan dalam kelompok siswa berprestasi tinggi dan rendah sesuai dengan kemampuan matematika mereka sebelumnya.
To generate high-quality research, a reliable instrument is required. This study aims to develop an instrument that can measure mathematical dimensions of elementary school students appropriately, for use in mathematics learning on spatial geometry. Each statement item in Mathematical Anxiety Instrument was developed based on 3 learning aspects, namely Attitudinal, Cognitive, Somatic. This study uses Research and Development (R&D) method with a quasi-experimental design on geometry topic. The sample is 100 sixth grade students in an elementary school located in Karawang Regency. The instrument developed in this study is in the form of a questionnaire with closed-ended questions. The validity test analysis implies that 23 out of 30 items on the instrument are valid. This data is supported by Cronbach's Alpha test results, where all item has reliability value higher than 0.80 indicating that the instrument being tested has a very high-test reliability. Therefore, 23 items out of 30 items were developed into instruments for measuring mathematics anxiety that applicable in Mathematics learning activities. Thus, it leads to the conclusion that this mathematics anxiety questionnaire can be utilized as an instrument for future research.
The spatial sense ability of elementary school students is still low. Concrete-Pictorial-Abstract (CPA) approach is considered able to improve students' spatial sense abilities. This research aims to find out the increase of spatial sense of elementary school students who learned with CPA approach and conventional learning in terms of overall students as well as categories of high, medium, and low Mathematical Prior Ability (MPA). This research uses a quasi-experimental method with pretest and posttest control design in Mathematics subject with the topic of 3D geometry for 131 fifth grade elementary school students in Kotabaru District, Karawang Regency and Cipeundeuy District, Subang Regency. This research was conducted by dividing the students into two groups, namely students who received learning using CPA approach as the experimental group and students who received conventional learning as the control group. Descriptive analysis and inferential analysis results showed that there was an increase of spatial sense in students who learned with CPA approach, which was better than students who received conventional learning. Thus, learning using the CPA approach can improve and develop spatial sense abilities of elementary school students.
In order to produce high-quality research, the good instrument is required. The instrument developed in this study was a spatial sense test instrument. The test items were based on indicators of spatial sense. After prepared the test items then tested to determine the validity, reliability, level of difficulty and distinguishing power. The results show that the questions were compiled for this study generally has a high validity, reliability is very high, distinguishing power for each items is well, and the questions are divided by varied level difficulty (easy, medium and difficult). Based on this result, it can be concluded that the spatial sense test items that developed can be used as a test instrument for future research.
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