Overcorrection of LL is an effective treatment modality to maintain optimal sagittal alignment in patients with DLK; this suggests that it should be considered in preoperative planning for patients with ASD with sagittal imbalance.
Mast cells are critical for initiating innate immune and inflammatory responses by releasing a number of pro-inflammatory mediators. The potential immunomodulatory properties of hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbons have been the subject of extensive investigation, as the immune system is a sensitive target for hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbon toxicity. In this report, the effects of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1b b (IL-1b b), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a a in the human leukemic mast cell line were investigated. TNF-a a and IL-1b b expressed their respective mRNA in the presence or absence of PCB, while cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and IL-6 mRNA expression were highly induced by PCB after 2 h. Moreover, pre-treatment with the nuclear factor (NF)-k kB pathway inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, suppressed COX-2, TNF-a a and IL-1b b induction and reduced the IL-6 mRNA levels induced by PCB. The NF-k kB activity was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA) using an oligonucleotide containing a consensus NF-k kB binding sequence. Stimulating the cells with PCB activated NFk kB. However, pre-treating them with a NF-k kB pathway inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, suppressed PCBinduced NF-k kB activation. This suggests that PCB induces cycloxoygenase-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and that this induction occurs through NF-k kB.
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