A single-rod subdermal contraceptive implant is usually located around the insertion site, has been usually known to migrate within less than 2 cm of the insertion site and the true migration over 2 cm has been rarely reported. We report a case of migrated radiopaque subdermal contraceptive implant into lung in a 37-year-old woman. On conducted chest computed tomography, subdermal contraceptive implant was in subsegmental branch in left posterior basal segment of lung. Removal of subdermal contraceptive implant in left posterior basal segment of lung by mini-thoracotomy was performed by a chest surgeon. Complications with insertion and removal of subdermal contraceptive implant are rare in the hands of medical professionals familiar with the techniques and these procedures should only be undertaken by those with relevant training. The migration over 2 cm should not occur if the correct subdermal insertion procedure is followed and carried out by a properly trained individual.
Since the first pandemic outbreak of avian influenza A virus (H5N1 subtype) in 1997, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) has provided a large number of influenza virus sequences with well-organized annotations. Using the time-series sequences of influenza A viruses, we developed a simulation tool for influenza virus, named SimFlu, to predict possible future variants of influenza viruses. SimFlu can create variants from a seed nucleotide sequence of influenza A virus using the codon variation parameters included in the SimFlu package. The SimFlu library provides pre-calculated codon variation parameters for the H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 subtypes of influenza A virus isolated from 2000 to 2011, allowing the users to simulate their own nucleotide sequences by selecting their preferred parameter options. SimFlu supports three operating systems - Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. SimFlu is publicly available at http://lcbb.snu.ac.kr/simflu.
We developed simulation tool for influenza virus variation (SimFluVar), an analytics software for calculating genomic variation among members of the influenza virus group. This study is related to computational evolutionary biology and evolutionary bioinformatics. SimFluVar is an analytical tool that can be used to calculate codon substitution patterns of viral genes. Designed to compare a large number of nucleotide sequences, SimFluVar provides precise patterns of codon variations between two viral groups, especially for the influenza virus. SimFluVar also provides useful functions, such as editing and visualization of the result matrix. This new tool can be used to analyze codon variation patterns over time as well as to analyze the genomic differences between viruses obtained from different geographical locations. SimFluVar is developed in C++, and Java RCP is used as a distribution package. SimFluVar, including the associated documentation, manuals, and examples, is publicly available at http://lcbb.snu.ac.kr/simfluvar.
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