Intact human cadaver heads were subjected to vibrations. The resonant frequencies over a range of 500 to 3000 Hz were determined. Vibration patterns at three frequencies were presented by means of time-averaged holography. The displacements were quantified and the highest amplitudes were found in the temporal region. Antinode centers were found superimposed on the squamatic suture. This method of holographic interferometry allows sensitive deformation measurements to be taken on intact human heads or skulls.
The impact response of intact human cadaver heads was studied by means of double-pulsed holography using a ruby laser, and the transient deformation process at the surface of the skull was recorded. Frequency and acceleration measurements following impact were obtained. On frontal impact, the shock wave reached the opposite pole after 0.2 to 0.3 msec, and maximum amplitudes were found in the temporal regions. On impact to the vault, the deformation wave reached the skull base after 0.15 to 0.175 msec. Centers of maximum amplitude were recorded in the parietal and temporal regions. Deviations in the interference lines occurred at some sutures, revealing discontinuities. High-frequency components of the shock wave were demonstrated. The authors believe that fracture mechanisms may be elucidated by further studies of impact responses.
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