Xenon is a more potent anesthetic than nitrous oxide, and give more profound analgesia. This investigation was performed to assess the potential of xenon for becoming an anesthetic inspite of its high manufacturing cost. Seven ASA I-II patients undergoing cholecystectomy (n = 4), hernia repair (n = 2), or mammoplasty (n = 1) were studied. Denitrogenation by 15-20 min of oxygen breathing under propofol anesthesia was followed by fentanyl-supplemented xenon anesthesia administered via an automatic minimal flow system which held the oxygen concentration at 30%. Xenon anesthesia lasted 76-228 min and 8-14 l of xenon (ATPD) was used, of which 5.6-8.1 l was expended during the first 15 min. Anesthesia appeared to be satisfactory, and the patients woke up rapidly after xenon was discontinued. The automatic system made minimal flow xenon anesthesia easy to administer, but nitrogen accumulation is still a problem. Assuming a xenon price of 10 US$ per litre, the average cost for xenon was about 65 US$ for the first 15 min and then about 25 US$ for each subsequent hour of anesthesia.
The effect of heat and moisture exchanger on humidity and body temperature in a lowflow anaesthesia system. Lundberg, D., & Luttropp, H-H. (2003). The effect of heat and moisture exchanger on humidity and body temperature in a low-flow anaesthesia system. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 47(5), 564-568. DOI: 10.1034564-568. DOI: 10. /j.1399564-568. DOI: 10. -6576.2003 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Background: Artificial humidification of dry inspired gases seems to reduce the drop in body temperature during surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the humidity and temperature of anaesthetic gases with heat and moisture exchangers (HMEs). The secondary aim was to evaluate if HMEs in combination with low-flow anaesthesia could prevent a decrease in the body temperature during general anaesthesia. Methods: Ninety patients scheduled for general surgery were randomised to receive a fresh gas flow of 1.0, 3.0 or 6.0 l min À1 with or without HMEs in a circle anaesthesia system. Relative humidity, absolute humidity, temperature of inspired gases and body temperatures were measured during 120 min of anaesthesia.Results: The inspiratory absolute humidity levels with HMEs were 32.7 AE 3.1, 32.1 AE 1.1 and 29.2 AE 1.9 mg H 2 O l À1 and 26.6 AE 2.3, 22.6 AE 3.0 and 13.0 AE 2.6 mg H 2 O l À1 without HMEs after 120 min of anaesthesia with 1.0, 3.0, or 6.0 l min À1 fresh gas flows (P < 0.05, between with and without HME). The relative humidity levels with HMEs were 93.8 AE 3.3, 92.7 AE 2.2 and 90.7 AE 3.5%, and without the HMEs 95.2 AE 4.5, 86.8 AE 8.0 and 52.8 AE 9.8% (P < 0.05, between with and without HMEs in the 3.0 and 6.0 l min À1 groups). The inspiratory gas temperatures with HMEs were 32.5 AE 2.0, 32.4 AE 0.5 and 31.0 AE 1.9 C, and 28.4 AE 1.5,
We found no differences in postoperative pain management between 3.75 mg/ml ropivacaine and saline wound infiltration before breast surgery. The data show similar postoperative needs of analgesics and antiemetics with a similar frequency of PONV.
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