In the last years, the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) has been receiving increasing a special attention due its importance in the distribution of products. Considering demands that can appear during the service day, this work solves the Dynamic VRP (DVRP) with support of the environment simulator, capable to emulate the behavior of the vehicular fleet in a geographic 2D space. This work presents two main contributions: (i) the environment simulator that can be used to standardize DVRP test cases; and (ii) a Vehicular Waiting Time Heuristic (VWTH), that delays the attendance of demand with the meaning of reducing the total distance traveled by vehicular fleet. The proposed heuristic is tested by four optimization algorithms (Simulated Annealing, GRASP, Memetic Algorithm and Hill Climbing), and submitted to statistical tests for better conclusions. The tests showed, with 95% of confidence, that the VWTH is able to improve significantly the metaheuristics results.
As micro e pequenas empresas representam 77% das empresas de software brasileiras. Entretanto, cerca de 96% encerram suas atividades antes de completarem dois anos de vida. A alta taxa e mortalidade se dá principalmente pela falta de garantia da qualidade de seus produtos sendo que, a qualidade do produto final é, sobretudo, determinada pelo seu processo produtivo. Um dos fatores determinantes na melhoria do processo produtivo de software é a presença de abordagens de medição. Assim, este trabalho apresenta o processo de medição PROMPES e a ferramenta de apoio a esse processo, FAM. Este trabalho relata ainda um estudo de caso realizado com a aplicação do PROMPES e da FAM em uma pequena empresa de software.
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