According to special theory of relativity, all motion is relative and existence of any privileged or absolute inertial frame of reference, which could be practically distinguished from all other inertial frames, is ruled out. However, we may define an absolute or universal reference frame as the one which is at rest with respect to the center of mass of the universe and assume the speed c of propagation of light to be an isotropic universal constant in that frame. Any motion with respect to such a reference frame will be called "absolute motion." The proposed experiment establishes the feasibility of detection of such an absolute motion by measuring the up-link and down-link signal propagation times between two fixed points on the surface of earth. With current technological advancements in pulsed lasers, detectors, precision atomic clocks, and computers, feasibility of the proposed experiment has been confirmed. Successful conduct of the proposed experiment will initiate a paradigm shift in fundamental physics.Résumé: Selon la théorie de relativité restreinte, tout mouvement est relatif et l'existence de tout cadre de référence inertiel, privilégié ou absolu, qui pourrait pratiquement se distinguer d'autres cadres inertielles de référence, est éliminée. Cependant, nous pouvons définir comme cadre de référence, absolu ou universel, celui qui est en repos par rapport au center de masse de l'univers et proposons la vitesse c de propagation de la lumière comme une constante isotropique et universelle dans ce cadre. Tout mouvement par rapport à un tel cadre de référence sera appelé 'mouvement absolu'. L'expérience que nous proposons établit la faisabilité de détection d'un tel mouvement absolu en mesurant la liaison montante et descendante des temps de propagation d'un signal entre deux points fixés à la surface de la Terre. Avec les avancements technologiques courants dans les lasers pulsés, détecteurs, montres de précision atomique, et les ordinateurs, la possibilité de réalisation de l'expérience proposée a été confirmée. La conduite avec succès de l'expérimentation proposée entraînera un changement de paradigme dans la physique fondamentale.
The geometrical interpretation of gravitation in general theory of relativity imparts certain mystical properties to the spacetime continuum. The mystic connotations associated with this spacetime model may be attributed to the fallacious depiction of spacetime as a physical entity. This paper proves that the spacetime continuum in general relativity is a simple mathematical model and not a physical entity.Résumé: L'interprétation géométrique de la gravitation dans la théorie de la relativité générale confère certaines propriétés mystiques au continuum d'espace-temps. Les connotations mystiques associées à ce modèle d'espace-temps peuvent être attribuées à la représentation fallacieuse de l'espace-temps en tant qu'entité physique. Le présent article prouve que le continuum d'espacetemps selon la relativité générale ͑GR͒ n'est qu'un simple modèle mathématique et non une entité physique.
The null result of Michelson-Morley experiment (MMX) laid the foundation of Relativity and rejected the Newtonian notions of absolute space and time. Logically the null result of any experiment cannot be used to reject the hypothesis under test because the null result could also be caused by invalidity of any of the associated assumptions. The basic design of MMX involves an implicit assumption that changes in the photon flight time in axial and transverse beams, induced by the absolute motion of the setup, can be directly correlated with the corresponding changes in the phase of two beams at the exit end of the beam splitter. We show in this paper that this assumed correlation is fundamentally wrong. It is true that the flight time of a photon between two fixed points on the experimental setup does change with absolute motion of the setup and this has been correctly modeled in the MMX design. The instantaneous phase difference in the light beam, between same two points, does not change with absolute motion of the setup. In the MMX design, phase difference between two fixed points on the setup has been calculated on the basis of time interval alone, without taking into account the shift in corresponding positions on the wave due to the absolute motion of the setup. All modern MMX type experiments with electromagnetic resonators are based on erroneous assumption that the resonant frequency ν is proportional to the relative light speed (c±v) rather than the absolute light speed c.
In this paper, we distinguish between the Doppler effects for spontaneously emitted photons and continuously emitted waves. Under certain plausible assumptions, electron orbits can be modeled for simple atomic systems and such studies show that all permissible electron trajectories correspond to elliptical orbits. From the conservation of energy, momentum and angular momentum, in conjunction with the geometrical model of electron orbits, we derive the Doppler effect for spontaneously emitted photons that is quite different from the one used for continuously generated waves. All astronomical redshifts are currently interpreted by assuming the incoming radiation to be continuously emitted waves. Therefore, widely-observed redshift in radiation from most astronomical sources is interpreted to imply the expanding universe, along with cosmological expansion of space. However, for the spontaneously emitted photons, we show that the photons emitted in forward direction parallel to the emitter velocity get redshifted. That means, the astronomical redshift implies that the emission sources are moving towards the observer and our universe is not expanding. All high redshift astronomical objects are likely to be physically disrupted through dynamic instabilities or explosions and their high redshifts are associated with relativistic shock waves propagating towards the observer. Hence the proposed Doppler effect for the spontaneously emitted photons dismisses the cosmological expansion of space and supports a steady state universe.
Currently, the theory of Relativity is being regarded as one of the main pillars of Modern Physics, essentially due to its perceived role in high energy physics, particle accelerators, relativistic quantum mechanics, and cosmology. Since the founding assumptions or postulates of Relativity and some of the resulting consequences confound the logic and common sense, a growing number of scientists are now questioning the validity of Relativity. The advent of Relativity has also ruled out the existence of the 19 th century notion of ether medium or physical space as the container of physical reality. Thereby, the Newtonian notions of absolute motion, absolute time, and absolute reference frame have been replaced with the Einsteinian notions of relative motion, relative time, and inertial reference frames in relative motion. This relativity dominated viewpoint has effectively abandoned any critical study or advanced research in the detailed properties and processes of physical space for advancement of Fundamental Physics. In this paper both special theory of relativity and general relativity have been critically examined for their current relevance and future potential. We find that even though Relativity appears to be a major stumbling block in the progress of Modern Physics, the issue needs to be finally settled by a viable experiment [Phys. Essays 23, 442 (2010)] that can detect absolute motion and establish a universal reference frame.
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