Currently, emission mechanisms of ns 2 -type Sn 2+ emission centers doped amorphous glasses have not been entirely identified, which possess comparable emission to those of crystal phosphors such as MgWO 4 . In this letter, photoluminescence properties of Sn 2+ , Tb 3+ single-and co-activated low-melting 46P 2 O 5 -38Li 2 O-16ZnO (PLZ) glasses, and the energy-transfer (ET) process of Sn 2+ →Tb 3+ were systematically demonstrated by absorption, excitation, emission spectra, and decay lifetimes. Upon 288 nm light excitation, Sn 2+ -, Tb 3+ -codoped glasses exhibit broad blue emission at 387 nm (from Sn 2+ ) and strong green emission peaked at 545 nm (from Tb 3+ ). Tuning the doping content of Tb 3+ can generate tailored emission color from purplish blue to green region. Our results promote the understanding of the interplay between Sn 2+ and Tb 3+ in amorphous hosts.) unless CC License in place (see abstract). ecsdl.org/site/terms_use address. Redistribution subject to ECS terms of use (see 141.214.17.222 Downloaded on 2014-12-26 to IP
The effects of anions (ClO 4 − , Cl − , Br − , and I − ) on CO selectivity in organic electrolytes have been studied. A gallium electrode with a low CO faradic efficiency was chosen to reveal the anion effects on CO 2 conversion. We found that the CO 2 reduction in a tetrabutylammonium chloride (Bu 4 NCl) solution exhibited more than 2 times higher CO faradic efficiency than that in the commonly used tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (Bu 4 NClO 4 ) solution. Also, Tafel plot measurement results showed that the presence of Cl − promoted an electron-transfer process, thus enhancing the reaction rate of CO 2 reduction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results further revealed that the solvated Cl − form the Ga−Cl bonds on the Ga surface. Electrons could flow from the electrode to the adsorbed Cl − and then flow to the CO 2 , resulting in the restriction of CO 2 near the Ga electrode. In the reaction, CO 2 was converted to a CO 2•− radical by receiving an electron, which flowed from Cl − to CO 2 via the Cl − -C bond. The obtained CO 2•− further combined with CO 2 to form the adduct of (CO 2 ) 2•− . After the second electron reaction, (CO 2 ) 2•− was converted to CO.
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