Schizophrenia is characterized by the distributed dysconnectivity of resting-state multiple brain networks. However, the abnormalities of intra- and inter-network functional connectivity (FC) in schizophrenia and its relationship to symptoms remain unknown. The aim of the present study is to compare the intra- and inter-connectivity of the intrinsic networks between a large sample of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Using the Region of interest (ROI) to ROI FC analyses, the intra- and inter-network FC of the eight resting state networks [default mode network (DMN); salience network (SN); frontoparietal network (FPN); dorsal attention network (DAN); language network (LN); visual network (VN); sensorimotor network (SMN); and cerebellar network (CN)] were investigated in 196 schizophrenia and 169-healthy controls. Compared to the healthy control group, the schizophrenia group exhibited increased intra-network FC in the DMN and decreased intra-network FC in the CN. Additionally, the schizophrenia group showed the decreased inter-network FC mainly involved the SN-DMN, SN-LN and SN-CN while increased inter-network FC in the SN-SMN and SN-DAN (p < 0.05, FDR-corrected). Our study suggests widespread intra- and inter-network dysconnectivity among large-scale RSNs in schizophrenia, mainly involving the DMN, SN and SMN, which may further contribute to the dysconnectivity hypothesis of schizophrenia.
ObjectivesChildhood trauma (CT) is a known risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD), but the mechanisms linking CT and MDD remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of CT and depression diagnosis on the subregions of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in MDD patients.MethodsThe functional connectivity (FC) of ACC subregions was evaluated in 60 first-episode, drug-naïve MDD patients (40 with moderate-to-severe and 20 with no or low CT), and 78 healthy controls (HC) (19 with moderate-to-severe and 59 with no or low CT). The correlations between the anomalous FC of ACC subregions and the severity of depressive symptoms and CT were investigated.ResultsIndividuals with moderate-to severe CT exhibited increased FC between the caudal ACC and the middle frontal gyrus (MFG) than individuals with no or low CT, regardless of MDD diagnosis. MDD patients showed lower FC between the dorsal ACC and the superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and MFG. They also showed lower FC between the subgenual/perigenual ACC and the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and angular gyrus (ANG) than the HCs, regardless of CT severity. The FC between the left caudal ACC and the left MFG mediated the correlation between the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) total score and HAMD-cognitive factor score in MDD patients.ConclusionFunctional changes of caudal ACC mediated the correlation between CT and MDD. These findings contribute to our understanding of the neuroimaging mechanisms of CT in MDD.
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