Abstract. The current state of economic development and innovations' support often brings small and medium enterprises (SMEs) at the forefront of government fiscal policy. Various policy measures targeted at SMEs' support and development necessarily include measures on promotion of innovations within small business. However, despite substantial efforts undertaken by the authorities to increased financial injections into this area, development of innovations by small businesses faces many obstacles. Statistics on the registered small and medium enterprises shows that the sharp rise of entrepreneurship observed in the early 1990s changed for the stagnation towards the end of the decade and sluggish dynamics of the present time. Unfortunately, as practice shows, measures taken so far do not stimulate significant changes in the development of small business. Moreover, differentiation of small businesses between regions is only increasing, as it is manifested through substitution of divergence for convergence. Our paper analyzes the legal framework regulating small business development as well as state of innovations within SMEs so that to identify the main indicators
аннотация Наблюдаемая за последние 20 с лишним лет активная цифровизация жизни современного общества привела к реальным изменениям в экономике. Финансовый сектор находится в центре цифровой трансформации, авангардом которой стал финтех, формирующий в настоящее время новый сегмент современных финансовых рынков. При этом наиболее общеизвестными объектами финтеха являются криптовалюта и токен. Криптовалюты, вне зависимости от отношения регулирующих органов к ним, стали виртуальной реальностью финансового сектора и активно используются для оплаты товаров и услуг. Особенностью криптовалют является их анонимность и неподконтрольность со стороны государства, что определяет целый спектр рисков для общества и государства. Однако криптовалюты наряду с рисками дают и возможности -от развития инновационных технологий до создания новых рабочих мест и пополнения национального бюджета. Проникновение финтеха в сегменты финансового рынка, традиционно занимаемые банками, породило дискуссию об их будущем. Вместе с тем, вероятно, будет иметь место не вытеснение банков, а их финтех-трансформация. Примером тому может служить платежная индустрия, ставшая одним из основных потребителей новейших финансовых технологий и предоставляющая широчайшие возможности финтех-компаниям для развития. Важным элементом финтеха является RegTech (Regulatory Technology), которая позволяет компаниям обходить торговые барьеры и помогает выстроить конструктивный консультативный диалог с регуляторами. В свою очередь, SupTech (Supervision Technology) используется для целей анализа и прогнозирования. В завершение статьи на основе анализа зарубежного опыта сформулированы основные подходы, реализация которых позволяет государствам стимулировать внедрение и развитие новых финансовых технологий, а также проанализирован опыт межгосударственной координации сотрудничества в сфере финансовых технологий в ЕС и ЕАЭС. ABSTRACTThe active digitalization of the life of modern society observed over the past 20 years has led to real changes in the economy. The financial sector is at the heart of a digital transformation that has been spearheaded by FinTech, which is now shaping a new segment of modern financial markets. At the same time, the most wellknown objects of FinTech are cryptocurrency and token. Cryptocurrencies, regardless of the attitude of regulatory authorities to them, have become a virtual reality of the financial sector and are actively used to pay for goods and services. The peculiarity of cryptocurrencies is its anonymity and unaccountability of the state that defines a range of risks to society and the state. However, cryptocurrencies, along with risks, create opportunitiesfrom the development of innovative technologies to the creation of new jobs and replenishment of the national budget. The penetration of FinTech into the financial market segments traditionally occupied by banks gave rise to a discussion about their future. However, it will probably not be the displacement of the banks but their FinTech transformation. An example of this is the payment ind...
The subject of the researchis the current difficulties faced by the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The purpose of the research was to identify factors that impede the export of the EAEU goods to third countries and affect Russia’s export competitiveness. To this end, an analysis of the EAEU customs and legal regulations was carried out. The study provides reasons necessitating the abolishment of the residency principle in the EAEU as geographically limiting the ability of the declarant to submit a goods declaration to any customs authority in a customs territory of the customs union. The paper addresses problems related to the lack of harmonization of rules governing export and currency controls in the EAEU member countries. A comparative analysis of the rules regulating the goods exports at the national level of the customs union members was performed and the main differences were revealed.It is concludedthat the principle of residency is the key factor affecting the export competitiveness of the Russian and EAEU goods. Its abolishment requires a comprehensive approach and a number of measures aimed at harmonizing the customs legislation and related laws. The abolishment of the residency principle will reduce the material and time expenditures of businessmen in preparation of customs declarations, eliminate multiple VAT payments to participants of value chains and agency transactions within the EAEU, unify documents for performance of currency control as well as the procedure for granting export control licenses, resolve the issue of the procedure and currency of customs payments, etc. It is also required to solve industry-specific problems related to the implementation of the customs process (currency control, export control, procedures for refunding the value-added tax, etc.).The relevance of the researchlies in the fact that the implementation of the “EAEU Goods” Concept, developed by the Eurasian Economic Commission, requires solution of problems arising in the mutual and foreign trade. Meanwhile, expanding the trade with third countries is one of the main tools for the growth of national economies of the EAEU members.
The goal of this study is the analysis of norms of soft law as a new source of financial law in the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the research of the problem involves General scientific dialectic method of scientific knowledge, especially legal methods (structural-functional, legal and dogmatic), methods, legal modeling, comparative and historical jurisprudence, as well a generic methods (analysis and synthesis, description, observation, induction and deduction, comparison, generalization, formal logical and systematic). A brief review of research on the topic of ʼsoft lawʼ, a definition of the term ʼsoft lawʼ. Conducted theoretical analysis of the concept of ʼsoft lawʼ. Analyzed the specific use of the norms of soft law as a new source of Finance. The examples and identifies advantages of the use of norms of soft law as a new source of Finance. In General, ʼsoft-lawʼ standards fill in the gaps of legal regulation, both in international and national aspect, complement legal rules by means of references, interpretations or direct reproduction in the official sources of law, and, in some cases, act as a subsidiary regulator of international legal relations. The introduction into the fabric of international financial law, soft law norms, on the one hand, will increase the risks contributing to arbitrarily interpret and apply financial rules, on the other – may cause enough skepticism about the use of norms of soft law as a new source of Finance. However, there is no doubt that relative certainty, is always better than uncertainty. Thus, norms of soft law as a new source of financial law in Russia should be considered as an effective way to reduce the uncertainty in the financial relations system as a real alternative to soft law norms are not so much rules of law, but rather the lack of legal regulation insinuations when the objective need in the settlement.
Искусственный интеллект, развитие киберфизических систем находятся на этапе возможности их широкого использования в частноправовых и публично-правовых отношениях, что вызывает необходимость создания концепции комплексного правового регулирования искусственного интеллекта, роботов и объектов робототехники фактически сложившихся в различных сферах общественного и государственно-правового развития социально-технических отношений. В статье представлены основные промежуточные результаты исследования обозначенных вопросов. Ключевые слова: искусственный интеллект, роботы, объекты робототехники, технологическое развитие, трансформация законодательства, риски и угрозы.
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