Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has ≈75% probability of causing gastric cancer, so it is considered to be the strongest single risk factor for gastric malignancies. However, the harsh gastric acid environment has created obstacles to medical treatment. This work reports a nanomotor with a bottle‐shaped container that can be loaded with small molecules of clarithromycin, nano calcium peroxide (CaO2), and Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs) by ultrasound. Nanomotors can quickly consume gastric acid through the chemical reaction of CaO2 to temporarily neutralize gastric acid. The product hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is catalytically decomposed into a large amount of oxygen (O2) by Pt NPs. The local concentration gradient of O2 bubbles causes it to be expelled from the nanobottles through a narrow opening, and then push the nanobottles forward to provide maximum release and prodrug efficacy. Experiments in animal models show that 15 mg nanomotors can safely and quickly neutralize gastric acid in the stomach and simultaneously release prodrugs to achieve good therapeutic effects without causing acute toxicity. H. pylori burden in mice was 2.6 orders of magnitude lower than that in the control group. The stomach returns to normal pH within 1 d after administration.
Infection with Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is one of the leading causes of stomach cancer. The ability to treat Hp infection is hampered by a lack of stomach gastric acid environment. This work introduces a nanoliposome that can rapidly adjust the gastric acid environment to ensure a drug's optimal efficacy. We introduce CaCO 3 @Fe−TP@EggPC nanoliposomes (CTE NLs) that are composed of Fe 3+ and tea polyphenols (TPs) forming complexes on the surface of internal CaCO 3 and then with lecithin producing a phospholipid bilayer on the polyphenols' outer surface. Through the action of iron−TP chelate, the phospholipid layer can fuse with the bacterial membrane to eliminate Hp. Furthermore, CaCO 3 can promptly consume the excessive gastric acid, ensuring an ideal operating environment for the chelate. TPs, on the other hand, can improve the inflammation and gut microbes in the body. The experimental results show that CTE NLs can quickly consume protons in the stomach and reduce the bacterial burden by 1.2 orders of magnitude while reducing the inflammatory factors in the body. The biosafety evaluation revealed that nanoliposomes have good biocompatibility and provide a new strategy for treating Hp infection.
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