Is there a gender gap barrier against the career advancement of women researchers in Mexico? To explore possible answers to this question, we review the specialized literature, based on the “sticky floor” and “glass ceiling” conceptual framework, and then offer an empirical approach to test whether such a gap exists as well as some theoretical reasons that could explain it. We analyzed a massive dataset of 41,000 members of the National System of Researchers (SNI) under the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT) in Mexico from 1991 to 2017. To test determinants of advancement, we consider gender, areas of knowledge, states in which researchers reside, years in which initial applications and promotions took place, and universities to which researchers belong to. We found that there is a similar chance to advance from the lower levels of the system, following the sticky floor analogy, but women make a little progress after these initial levels when compared to men, in line with the glass ceiling idea. We also offer additional research avenues in this topic, due to another important finding, which reveals that 62% of researchers never make progress at the level in which they initially join.
The aim of this article is to provide a brief overview of the different approaches for conducting a foresight process to be able to position the key competencies developed by the Master’s Degree in Strategic Foresight offered at Tecnológico de Monterrey. There are few graduate degree programs about futures studies worldwide. There is also consensus that futures studies is more a practice-based field than an established academic discipline; this stresses the importance of having a clear understanding of what contents and skills these programs are trying to teach.
Los sistemas de urbanismo necesitan abrir espacio a movimientos sociales que objetan la planificación urbana desde una perspectiva dominada por la lógica del mercado. La adopción de un modelo alternativo de desarrollo sostenible que tome en cuenta factores económicos, sociales y ecológicos requiere la incorporación de nuevos actores como los Movimientos Sociales Urbanos. Desde esta perspectiva, el desarrollo urbano se beneficia de una mejor identificación de los problemas a partir de métodos que proporcionen una visión más detallada sobre el papel de los Movimientos Sociales Urbanos en el diseño de ciudades y su capacidad para influir en la planificación urbana. Se utiliza el proceso de construcción de escenarios de la Escuela Francesa “la prospective” (Amer, Daim y Jetter, 2013) al desarrollar ejercicios participativos de análisis de actores, análisis estructural y la construcción de escenarios probabilizados para llegar a la construcción de un escenario normativo. Los resultados muestran la importancia de la prospectiva estratégica como método útil para construir consensos entre actores con intereses distintos, lograr un lenguaje común e identificar acciones a partir de una visión sistémica. La metodología permitió identificar las variables críticas, así como las divergencias y sinergias que afectan el fenómeno.
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