Wearable devices and systems demand multifunctional units with intelligent and integrative functions. Smart fibers with response to external stimuli, such as electrical, thermal, and photonic signals, etc., as well as offering energy storage/conversion are essential units for wearable electronics, but still remain great challenges. Herein, flexible, strong, and self-cleaning graphene-aerogel composite fibers, with tunable functions of thermal conversion and storage under multistimuli, are fabricated. The fibers made from porous graphene aerogel/organic phase-change materials coated with hydrophobic fluorocarbon resin render a wide range of phase transition temperature and enthalpy (0-186 J g ). The strong and compliant fibers are twisted into yarn and woven into fabrics, showing a self-clean superhydrophobic surface and excellent multiple responsive properties to external stimuli (electron/photon/thermal) together with reversible energy storage and conversion. Such aerogel-directed smart fibers promise for broad applications in the next-generation of wearable systems.
An important layer of plant innate immunity to host-adapted pathogens is conferred by intracellular nucleotide-binding/oligomerization domain-leucine rich repeat (NB-LRR) receptors recognizing specific microbial effectors. Signaling from activated receptors of the TIR (Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor)-NB-LRR class converges on the nucleo-cytoplasmic immune regulator EDS1 (Enhanced Disease Susceptibility1). In this report we show that a receptor-stimulated increase in accumulation of nuclear EDS1 precedes or coincides with the EDS1-dependent induction and repression of defense-related genes. EDS1 is capable of nuclear transport receptor-mediated shuttling between the cytoplasm and nucleus. By enhancing EDS1 export from inside nuclei (through attachment of an additional nuclear export sequence (NES)) or conditionally releasing EDS1 to the nucleus (by fusion to a glucocorticoid receptor (GR)) in transgenic Arabidopsis we establish that the EDS1 nuclear pool is essential for resistance to biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic pathogens and for transcriptional reprogramming. Evidence points to post-transcriptional processes regulating receptor-triggered accumulation of EDS1 in nuclei. Changes in nuclear EDS1 levels become equilibrated with the cytoplasmic EDS1 pool and cytoplasmic EDS1 is needed for complete resistance and restriction of host cell death at infection sites. We propose that coordinated nuclear and cytoplasmic activities of EDS1 enable the plant to mount an appropriately balanced immune response to pathogen attack.
Infrared (IR) stealth is essential not only in high technology and modern military but also in fundamental material science. However, effectively hiding targets and rendering them invisible to thermal infrared detectors have been great challenges in past decades. Herein, flexible, foldable, and robust Kevlar nanofiber aerogel (KNA) films with high porosity and specific surface area were fabricated first. The KNA films display excellent thermal insulation performance and can be employed to incorporate with phase-change materials (PCMs), such as polyethylene glycol, to fabricate KNA/PCM composite films. The KNA/PCM films with high thermal management capability and infrared emissivity comparable to that of various backgrounds demonstrate high performance in IR stealth in outdoor environments with solar illumination variations. To further realize hiding hot targets from IR detection, combined structures constituted of thermal insulation layers (KNA films) and ultralow IR transmittance layers (KNA/PCM) are proposed. A hot target covered with this combined structure becomes completely invisible in infrared images. Such KNA/PCM films and KNA–KNA/PCM combined structures hold great promise for broad applications in infrared thermal stealth.
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