A number of criteria for the assessment of biological sex, which are applied to living or recently deceased individuals, have been developed, such as genetic, chromosomal, gonadal, hormonal, and phenotypic criteria. Features of a metric and descriptive nature are used to assess the sex of skeletal materials. The diagnostic features of the skull are concentrated in the craniofacial region and around the eye sockets. The mandible is a diagnostically important part of the skull, on which a complex of features is visible. These features develop up to the third decade of life. The goal of the research was to assess the suitability of the parameters of the preangular notch, in other words, the length, height, and surface area for sex prediction applied to skeletal materials. The study included computed tomography images of the masticatory system of 194 patients, consisting of 83 females and 111 males, aged from 16 to 93 years. The three straight lines which correspond to the sides of the triangle representing the notch, in addition to its height, were determined and measured digitally. The receiver operating characteristic method was used to assess the usefulness of the studied features for the purposes of sex prediction. The sensitivity of the test ranged from 51.4% to 67% for the parameters of the preangular notch on the right‐hand side, and from 44.4% to 80.2% on the left‐hand side. The most reliable predictive models were obtained for two features (shown in the graphical abstract). However, when taking into account, the specificity and sensitivity of the tests presented here, only the length of side AB (a basal length of the notch) can be regarded as a feature that supports the assessment of sex on the basis of other diagnostic features of the mandible. The size and shape of the preangular notch should be treated as auxiliary features in the assessment of sex. For this reason, it is recommended that they should be applied simultaneously to the set of features described in the section on anthropological standards.
The symmetry of a human organism’s structure is an expression of the general law of development regarding organic life. Assessing the symmetry of the face and its individual components is one of the most important factors when it comes to the overall assessment of a patient’s stomatognathic system and is essential in the planning of orthodontic and prosthetic treatment. The aim of this study is to assess the symmetry of the occurrence and the measurement parameters of the pre-angular notch of the mandible. The study included computed tomography scans of 187 patients who all exhibited a visible pre-angular notch in the mandible. There was a noticeable and measurable asymmetry in the length of the angle of the notches as well as in the area of the notch angles. The differentiation of the right- and left-side measurements points to the existence of a fluctuating asymmetry. Other measurements which describe the pre-angular notch of the lower jaw do not show asymmetry.
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