Edema in the affected muscles was seen in two patients with MRI studies. Femoral artery calcification and mild muscle swelling was present in one patient who underwent CT. Decreased echogenicity was seen in the involved muscle in a patient studied with ultrasound. Serum enzymes were normal or mildly elevated in three patients (not reported in one). Biopsy demonstrated necrosis and regenerative change in all cases. MRI, although nonspecific, is the best imaging technique to suggest the diagnosis of DMI in the appropriate clinical setting, thereby obviating biopsy.
Background: Lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) is one of the most widely used procedures to restore anterolateral stability. Clinical outcomes after the addition of LET to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) have been widely investigated; however, the potential influence of LET on the ACL ligamentization process has not been examined. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to use 10-month postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to determine whether the maturity of grafts after hamstring autograft ACLR was affected by concomitant LET. The hypothesis was that when modified Lemaire lateral extra-articular tenodesis (MLLET) was performed, the MRI parameters of ACL graft maturity would be modified. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The study included patients treated between December 2017 and December 2018 who had undergone anatomic 3-strand hamstring tendon autograft ACLR, with or without concomitant MLLET, and had undergone MRI 10 months postoperatively. Thus, the study included 30 patients who had isolated ACLR and 22 patients who had ACLR plus MLLET. The 2 groups were comparable based on all criteria analyzed. To evaluate graft maturity, the signal-to-noise quotient (SNQ) was measured in 3 regions of interest of the proximal, midsubstance, and distal ACL graft. Lower SNQ ratios indicate less water content and, theoretically, better maturity and healing of the graft. Results: The mean ± SD for SNQ was 4.62 ± 4.29 (range, 3.12-6.19) in the isolated ACLR group and 7.59 ± 4.68 (range, 4.38-8.04) in the ACLR plus MLLET group ( P = .012). Upon comparing the mean values of the 3 portions between the 2 groups, we found a significant difference between the 2 groups for the proximal and middle portions ( P = .007 and P = .049, respectively) but no difference in the distal portion ( P = .369). Conclusion: At the 10-month follow-up, hamstring tendon autografts for anatomic ACLR with MLLET did not show the same MRI signal intensity compared with isolated hamstring anatomic ACLR.
The relationship between the use of immunosuppressants in solid-organ transplant patients and oral tissue abnormalities has been recognized. The objective of this study was to determine the state of oral tissue integrity in renal, heart, and liver transplant patients who are on continuous medical and dental control. Forty patients of both sexes were clinically evaluated at the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile to identify pathologies of oral mucosa, gingival enlargement (GE), decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index, and salivary flow. The average age of the transplant subjects was 49.4 years, and the age range was 19 to 69 years. Most subjects maintained a good level of oral hygiene, and the rate mean of DMFT was 14.7. The degree of involvement of the oral mucosa and GE was low (10%). Unlike other studies, the frequency of oral mucosal diseases and GE was low despite the fact that these patients were immunosuppressed. Care and continuous monitoring seem to be of vital importance in maintaining the oral health of transplant patients.
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