Este artículo analiza las distintas metodologías usadas en algunos países para estimar la tasa de descuento a largo plazo utilizada en proyectos públicos. Adicionalmente, estima, para Chile, la tasa de descuento, con base en dos metodologías: la primera es una variación del método de descuento gamma, propuesto por Weitzman (2001); la segunda usa la fórmula de Ramsey que se deriva de un modelo de crecimiento para estimar la tasa social de preferencia por el tiempo
The first part of this paper compares the volume and scientific productivity of Business Administration and Economics in Chile with the rest of scientific disciplines at the national and international levels. Given that scientific productivity is heterogeneous among different disciplines, the comparisons utilize an indicator that measures their impact relative to the world in the same field. The second part of the paper compares the amounts of public resources allocated to research in the different fields and discusses their relative efficiency in Chile.
This paper estimates the cost of a policy to restrict water trades to mining firms in northern Chile in order to protect riparian ecosystems and indigenous agriculture. In response to the policy, mining firms have developed high-cost desalination and pumping facilities to secure adequate water supplies. We develop a methodology and estimate the cost of market transactions that fail to occur due to the policy. Lost trade surplus is estimated at US$52 million per year. Without trade restrictions, around 86 per cent of the remaining agricultural water in the region would be transferred to mining.
This paper estimates the long-term impact of journals aggregated in 24 different fields, using a simple logistic diffusion model, and relates the results to the current impact factor. Results show that while the current and the long-term impact factors have a high correlation coefficient, some fields are systematically slower-moving than others, as they often differ in the proportion of the overall impact through time that occurs in the short term.
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