Transportation is responsible for delivering a product to the supply chain, which is why it is often cited as a potential factor of competitive advantage for companies. However, more and more companies are opting to outsource their transportation service demands instead of investing in their own fleet. This research falls under the qualitative research method with an exploratory investigation level based on a literature review. Based on the literature review conducted, it was possible to conclude that the main advantages of a company-owned fleet are primarily the availability of transportation to the company and control over drivers and deliveries. The general objective of this study was to conduct a comparative study on the decision moment between an own, outsourced, or mixed road transportation fleet. It sought to highlight the best option in terms of cost-benefit and profitability, for the most dynamic choice among these modes of operation, with the goal of business profitability and sustainability. The research indicates that outsourcing increases competitiveness when the company-owned fleet is not sufficient to meet the demand, constituting a profitable solution. However, the balance between cost and vehicle availability is in the acquisition of a mixed fleet.
In recent years, there has been a growing demand for Supply Chain Management (SCM) to become more agile, integrated, and data-driven, especially with the advent of Industry 4.0. To meet this demand, companies have focused on implementing Integrated Sales and Operations Planning (S and OP) processes, which seek to integrate and align the activities of Sales, Operations, Demand Planning, Supply Planning, and Finance. A qualitative approach was adopted for the development of this research, using a literature review as the investigation procedure. The overall objective of this research is to demonstrate the importance of implementing the S and OP system in modern industries. As a result, an alignment in the company's perception of the level of service expected by the customer is observed, focused on delivery time and commercial conditions, but its process has areas for improvement when viewed in the light of S and OP.
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