Background and Purpose: The birth's weight is the most important factor in child's survival and growth. In fact, this factor is one of the community health status indicators and is directly related to several factors, including parental characteristics. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between marital satisfaction and cognitive characteristics of parents with birth weight. Method: This study was a correlational research. A sample of 70 parents of low birth weight infants and parents of high birth weight infants (35 per group) were selected randomly from Imam Reza Hospital in Sirjan in 2016. To collect data, Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (Afrooz, 2008) and the Bio-Cognitive Characteristics Questionnaire (Afrooz, 2004) were used. Chi-square, fisher, mannwhitney, and multiple logistic regressions were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the birth weight of the newborns and the level of marital satisfaction (OR = 8.887, P = 0.039), mothers' awareness of pregnancy conditions (OR = 0.486, p= 0.010) and father's awareness of pregnancy conditions (OR = 30. 795, p=0.010). In a way that increase of these characteristics increases the likelihood of high birth weight infant. Also, no signification relationship was found between the birth weight and the education of fathers (p = 0.395) and mothers (p = 0.778). Conclusion: One of the most important issues in preventing the disabilities is the birth weight. Considering the influence of factors such as cognitive characteristics and marital satisfaction on infant's weight, it is possible to provide the appropriate pregnancy conditions and high quality pregnancy care by increasing the awareness and the necessity of paying attention to these areas.
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