Endophytic fungi are biodiverse and alternative source of bioactive compounds, due their different abilities of genetic expression and alteration of biosynthetic pathway when submitted to different culture conditions. The metabolic profile of three different crude extracts (A, B and C), obtained from the endophytic fungus Asordaria conoidea, were evaluated by HPLC and 1 H NMR. Antioxidant and allelochemical activity were also evaluated. OSMAC diversified the metabolic production, mainly in the solid culture, where the tyrosol, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2-phenylacetamide and vanillic acid were isolated. The structures of the compounds were elucidated mainly by NMR. Extracts had antioxidant potential, however, only Extract C showed allelochemical activity, as inhibition of 65.5% in growth. This study confirms the efficiency of the OSMAC platform in producing extracts of different properties and compounds. Herein the A. conoidea was isolated for the first time as an endophytic microorganism.
Endophytic fungi live in symbiotic association with plants for at least part of their life. They are potential agents for the production of new and bioactive compounds, as well as for the use in agriculture, medicine and industry. Endophytic fungi produce Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), which are low molecular weight compounds that readily evaporate at normal temperatures and pressures. Fungi are not only capable of producing a wide variety of volatile compounds, they are also able to metabolize them and they have a great importance in chemical ecology. Mixtures of VOCs produced by endophytic fungi are mainly composed by alcohols, aldehydes, esters, aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, terpenoids, nitrogen and sulfur compounds. They can be used in biotechnological applications such as biofuels, mycofumigation, alellochemicals, flavor in food and in the chemotaxonomic identification of fungi. The objective of this mini review was to perform a search in the literature on the endophytic fungi producing VOCs and their biotechnological potential. Fungos endofíticos vivem em associação simbiótica com plantas por pelo menos parte de sua vida. Apresentam potencial na produção de substâncias novas e bioativas, e na descoberta de agentes para uso de interesse agrícola, medicinal e industrial. Os fungos endofíticos são produtores de compostos orgânicos voláteis (COVs), que são compostos de baixo peso molecular que evaporam facilmente em temperaturas e pressões ambiente. Os fungos não são apenas capazes de criar uma grande variedade de compostos voláteis como também de metabolizá-los, e são de grande importância na ecologia química. As misturas de COVs produzidos por fungos endofíticos são compostas principalmente por álcoois, aldeídos, ésteres, aromáticos, hidrocarbonetos alifáticos, terpenoides e compostos contendo nitrogênio e enxofre. Podem ser usados em aplicações biotecnológicas como biocombustíveis, agentes de micofumigação, agentes aleloquímicos, flavorizantes em alimentos e na identificação quimiotaxonômica de fungos. O objetivo desta mini revisão foi realizar uma busca na literatura sobre os fungos endofíticos produtores de COVs e seus potenciais biotecnológicos.
Coriolopsis rigida was isolated as an endophytic fungus from the medicinal plant Cochlospermum regium, and their production of secondary metabolites has not yet been investigated. Thus, the endophyte was cultivated on rice solid media to evaluate its ability to produce bioactive compounds and then the chloroform extract was obtained. Two phenolic compounds, tyrosol (1) and a new natural product p-hydroxyphenylacetamide (2), were isolated from the extract. The structures of the compounds were elucidated mainly by NMR. The extract showed potent antioxidant activity with an efficient concentration (EC50) value of 0.33 mg mL -1 . Additionally, demonstrated allelopathic activity inhibited the seedling growth of Lactuca sativa L. and Raphanus sativus L. by 63% and 55%, respectively.
Coriolopsis rigida was isolated as an endophytic fungus from the medicinal plant Cochlospermum regium. The fungus was cultivated on solid media containing rice or pineapple crown bran for analyzing the production of extracellular enzymes. The activities of lipase, β-xylosidase, pectinase, fructosyltransferase (FTase), invertase, α-amylase and total cellulolytic (FPase) were determined. The fungus showed positive activity for all enzymes with yield for FTase highest (3.59 ± 0.52 U.gss-1) in pineapple crown bran medium. In general, in pineapple crown bran medium the fungus had a higher enzyme production than in rice medium. Demonstrating the biotechnological potential of C. rigida in the production of enzymes of industrial interest.
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