Oenocarpus distichus
presents economic, ecological, and dietary potential for pulp market processed
in natura
. Germplasm conservation and genetic improvement depend on genetic divergence studies. The objective was to quantify genetic divergence in a native population of
O. distichus
genotypes based on fruit biometrics. The fruit length and width, fruit mass, pulp and seed, pulp and almond thickness, and pulp yield per fruit were evaluated. All fruit biometric characteristics of
O
.
distichus
palms show genetic variability. Genetic variations among genotypes are essential for predicting heredity and heterosis, which are essential for improving
O
.
distichus
production. Pulp yield and seed mass were negatively correlated. Almond thickness and pulp, seed mass and transverse diameter were positively correlated. Genetic distances between pair of genotypes ranged from 0.07 to 48.10 with three genetically distinct groups. The seed mass, almond thickness and transverse diameter contributed to genetic divergence. Heritability estimates the genetic control that can be obtained from
O
.
distichus
germplasm. Correlations between the variable pair reduce the evaluation effort and the resources to measure the genotype allocations in heterogeneous groups presenting high genetic variability. This makes it possible to select individuals for hybridization programs with F1 generation gains. Correlation and relative contribution networks, based on relationships graphical between fruit biometric characteristics, allow the variables selection with less effort and fewer measurements.
O
.
distichus
fruit biometric characters are efficient to quantify genetic divergence between genotypes.
Palms are among the class of hyperdominant species in the Amazon region, and for the tucumã palm (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.) demand of climatic and phenological information in order to support strategic planning and sustainable management of this palm species native to the Amazon basin. The objective of this work was to evaluate agrometeorological conditions associated to phenological responses of tucumã as a species that has high economic potential for fruit pulp production. Meteorological data were collected during the period in which data were also collected for the phenology of the germplasm bank. Sensors were installed to monitor temperature and air relative humidity to where they are observed as phenophases. Analyses were conducted to identify the responses of the tucumã stems in function of agrometeorological conditions of the study area. Precipitation, thermal amplitude, and insolation showed positive correlations principally with respect to the percent of stems with bracts, inflorescences, or with fertilized inflorescences. In the fruiting phenological phase precipitation and air relative humidity influenced the percentage of stems with fruit clusters that were immature and also ones with mature clusters. High maximum temperatures compromise the expression of the percentage of stems with green fruit clusters. The tucumã stems were photosynthesizing and carrying out metabolic processes at a very high rate during the study period based on the high Normalized Difference Vegetation Index which was superior to 0.41 during the three years of this study. The tucumã phenological phases, demonstrating a strong positive association with insolation, maximum temperature and thermal amplitude.
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