High resolution ultrasonography of the knee was performed on 82 young patients with clinically suspected Osgood-Schlatter disease and on 30 normal subjects; in 45 pathological cases (55%) comparative X-ray films were taken. The ultrasound pictures were equally or more effective than X-ray images in 45/45 cases; their value was particularly marked for soft tissue study. The typical sonographic changes of the ossification center, of the cartilage, and of the surrounding soft tissues are described and classified, both for Osgood-Schlatter and for Sinding-Larsen-Johansson diseases. These signs are based mainly upon cartilage swelling and edema, fragmentation of the ossification center, thickening of the patellar tendon, and bursitis of the infra-patellar bursa. Ultrasonography is proposed as a simple and reliable method for the diagnosis of knee joint osteochondrosis. The ultrasound picture is also suitable for periodical follow-up the course of the disease.

LRC for small renal masses appears to be a safe, reproducible, minimally invasive technique. Medium term followup in our series is encouraging, although further studies and prolonged followup are needed to access properly the role of this surgical technique.

BackgroundChronic HIV infection is associated with low-level inflammation and increased risk of chronic diseases and mortality. The objective was to assess the effects of moderate intensity exercise on metabolic and inflammatory markers in HIV-infected treated persons.MethodsThis was a pilot study enrolling cART-treated, sedentary persons with metabolic complications in a 12-week protocol, consisting of three sessions per week of 60 min brisk walking with (strength-walk group) or without (walk group) 30 min circuit-training. Assessments at baseline and week 12 (W12) included body morphometrics and total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; lipid and glucose blood profile; plasma level of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), D-dimer, interleukin-18 (IL-18), soluble CD14, and CD38 and HLA-DR expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells.ResultsForty-nine patients were included and 35 (71%) completed the program: 21 in the walk and 14 in the strength-walk group. At W12, significant improvements were observed of body mass index, waist and hip circumference, and total cholesterol both overall and in the walk group, and of LDL cholesterol in both training groups. In the whole group, significant reductions were observed in hsCRP, IL-6, D-dimer, IL-18, and of CD8+/CD38+/HLA-DR+ cell frequencies. HsCRP and CD8+/CD38+/HLA-DR+ frequency decreased significantly in both training groups when examined separately whereas IL-6 and D-dimer in the walk group only.ConclusionsBrisk walking, with or without strength exercise, could improve lipid profile and inflammatory markers in chronic HIV infection.Trial registrationACTRN12615001258549, registered 17 November 2015, “retrospectively registered” Web address of trial: http://www.ANZCTR.org.au/ACTRN12615001258549.aspx Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-2095-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Muscle injuries can be classified into strain injuries and contusions. Depending on the type of injury, different complications may occur, which in turn can be divided into early, intermediate and delayed complications. A prompt diagnosis of complications allows early treatment and permits to avoid harmful sequelae. Imaging studies, ultrasonography in particular, allow (recognizing) the assessment of complications whenever clinically suspected. In this article the most frequent complications of muscle injuries are presented. Keywords Muscle injuries Á Complications Á UltrasoundRiassunto Le lesioni muscolari possono essere classificate in lesioni contusive e lesioni distrattive. A seconda del tipo di lesione, possono insorgere complicanze differenti, che a loro volta possono essere suddivise in complicanze precoci, intermedie e tardive. Un rapido e preciso riconoscimento delle complicanze consente di intervenire precocemente e permette di evitare conseguenze dannose. L'imaging, in particolar modo l'ecografia, permette il riconoscimento di complicanze ogni qualvolta esse siano sospettate clinicamente. In questo articolo vengono presentate le complicanze più frequenti delle lesioni muscolari.

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