The invasion pathways of the prostate in patients with transitional cell bladder carcinoma have a statistically significant prognostic role. Contiguous and noncontiguous involvements are 2 distinct clinicopathological features and they should not be included in the same stage. In the noncontiguous stage pT4a group bladder and prostate transitional cell carcinoma should be separately staged, and prostate involvement also should be staged according to invasion degree.
The tolerability and safety of hyaluronan-based three-dimensional scaffolds as a culture vehicle for mesenchymal progenitor cells was investigated in this pilot study. The proliferation patterns and extracellular matrix production of rabbit and human mesenchymal, bone-marrowderived progenitors first were characterized in vitro. Subsequently rabbit autologous cells were cultured in this hyaluronan-based scaffold and implanted in a full-thickness osteochondral lesion. In vitro histologic findings showed that mesenchymal progenitor cells adhered and proliferated onto the hyaluronan-derived scaffold. Human stem cells were shown to produce the main extracellular matrix molecules, accompanied by an occasional synthesis of mature type II collagen. In vivo data demonstrated that the biomaterial, with or without mesenchymal progenitors, did not elicit any inflammatory response and was completely degraded within 4 months after implantation. With regard to the efficacy of this cell therapy, even among the small number of animals tested there was histologic evidence that lesions filled with the biomaterial, either seeded or unseeded with cells, achieved a faster and better healing compared to empty controls. The present data suggest that the hyaluronan-based scaffolds are well tolerated and safe and may be a valuable delivery vehicle for tissue engineering in the repair of articular cartilage defects.
The invasion pathways of the prostate in patients with transitional cell bladder carcinoma have a statistically significant prognostic role. Contiguous and noncontiguous involvements are 2 distinct clinicopathological features and they should not be included in the same stage. In the noncontiguous stage pT4a group bladder and prostate transitional cell carcinoma should be separately staged, and prostate involvement also should be staged according to invasion degree.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.