for the feedback, support, and interest that they provided and showed to our work. Some of the chapters draw on materials that were part of journal articles we had written and published in the context of our research program focusing on different forms of scientific literacy for those with interests in science careers and those who do not have such interests. Chapter 1 arose from a plenary talk Wolff-Michael Roth presented at the international workshop "Guided Construction of Knowledge in Classrooms" at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. Chapter 2 is based on an article first published in the Journal of Science Education and Technology. Chapter 5 further elaborates and contextualizes a study originally published in the Journal of Research in Science Teaching, whereas parts of earlier forms of chapter 6 have been published in Science Education. In chapter 9, we draw on and extent materials that initially appeared in Enseñanza de las Ciencias. We thank the publishers for the opportunity to re-use the materials as part of the copyright transfer agreements. We have freely drawn on the materials and have changed them to suit the need for coherence in the present book. Research such as the one reported here and the books in which they result would not be possible without the support of those closest to us, our families, who generally exhibit tremendous patience when we, researchers and scholars, get buried in what we do. Our thanks go to
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