Introduction: Dengue infection has been identified as the fastest spreading mosquito-borne viral disease by World Health Organization. This study is an attempt to elucidate the positive laboratory profile of serologically diagnosed early dengue patients so as to facilitate early diagnosis, treatment and management. Material and methods: A total of 100 cases diagnosed as dengue based on rapid immunological card tests (NS1 antigen and Ig M antibodies) were analyzed for haematological and biochemical parameters. Haematological parameters included haemoglobin, hematocrit, TLC, DLC, platelets count and peripheral blood smear. Biochemical parameters including serum Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Total Bilirubin (T. Bil.) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Result: Haemoglobin ranged from 6.4-17.0 gm/dl. Hematocrit was raised in 06 (06%) cases. Thrombocytopenia (Platelets count <1lakh/mm 3) was seen in 54 (54%) cases. TLC <4,000/ mm 3 was seen in 43 (43%) cases and >11,000/mm 3 was seen in 09 (09%) cases. Lymphocytosis and neutrophilia were seen in 40 (40%) and 14 (14%) cases respectively. On peripheral blood smear reactive and plasmacytoid lymphocytes seen. AST, ALT, ALP and Bilirubin were deranged in 64 (64%), 60(60%), 12(12%) and 02(02%) cases respectively. Conclusion: Haemoconcentration, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, lymphocytosis, and raised liver enzymes SGOT and SGPT along with reactive/ plasmacytoid lymphocytes on peripheral smear gives enough clues to test for dengue serology so that dengue cases can be diagnosed in their initial stages and prompt management can be started to prevent complications of dengue fever.

Introduction: Red blood cell (RBC) indices and histogram obtained from automated analyzer give an idea about morphological changes in anaemia. Along with the peripheral smear, they can be used to interpret the cause of anaemia. The aim of the present study was to correlate typing of anaemia based on RBC indices and histograms obtained from automated analyzer with peripheral smear examination and to give a better approach in the diagnosis of anaemia and analyse their limitations. Material and methods: Blood samples collected from 1575 anaemic patients, over a period of one year, in the Hematology laboratory, were typed for anaemia, first by parameters obtained by haematology analyzer (RBC indices with red cell distribution width) and then by peripheral blood smear findings. The correlation between the diagnosis made by peripheral smear versus RBC indices and histogram were analysed to find out the significance of the mean difference in various parameters. Results: Microcytic hypochromic anaemia (50.86%) was the most common followed by normocytic normochromic (25.14%), macrocytic (2.29%), dimorphic (15.43%) and haemolytic anaemia (6.29%) as diagnosed on peripheral smear examination. Analysis by RBC indices showed 59.43%, 32%, 3.43%, 2.86% and 2.29% of microcytic hypochromic, normocytic normochromic, macrocytic, dimorphic and haemolytic anaemia respectively. Out of 801 (50.86%) cases of microcytic hypochromic anaemia on smear, 513(32.5%) revealed left shift while 288 (18.3%) showed broad-based curve on the histogram. In normocytic normochromic anaemia, anormal bell-shaped curve was seen in 378 cases (25%) while 18 cases (1.1%) showed the broad curve. Histograms in macrocytic anaemia show a right shift in 27 cases (1.7%) while 9 cases (0.6%) showed left shift. In dimorphic anaemia, the histogram was bimodal only in 2.9% of cases whereas a majority (11.4%) showed broad-base histogram. Conclusion: Histogram and RBC indices give valuable information, but peripheral smear examination remains the important diagnostic tool in haematological disorders.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide. In developing countries, cancer of uterine cervix is ranked second with a relative frequency of 15% of all cancers in women. Screening women with regular Pap smears allows diagnosis of treatable pre-invasive lesions. The objective of the study was to correlate the Pap smear diagnosis with histopathology and to know the accuracy of Pap smears, so as to assess the efficacy of Pap smears in diagnosing cervical lesions. Material and methods: This two year retrospective study was done in the department of Pathology in a tertiary care centre, which includes 250 Pap smears for which histopathological diagnosis was also done. Detailed clinical history of patients was taken from requisition forms received in cytology department along with Pap smears. The cervical biopsies or hysterectomies received from the same patients were also studied and then correlated with the diagnosis of Pap smears. Results: Out of 250 Pap smears, maximum patients (32%) belonged to the age group of 41-50 years and were multipara. Maximum cases were reported as NILM (59%),followed by ASCUS (16%), LSIL (15%), HSIL (7%), squamous cell carcinoma (1.6%) and 0.8% cases of adenocarcinoma were diagnosed. On histopathology, 41.2% cases were diagnosed as chronic cervicitis, 27.2% cases as chronic cervicitis with squamous metaplasia, CIN I (22.4%),CIN II (4.0%),CIN III (2.8%), squamous cell carcinoma (1.6%) and (0.8)% cases of adenocarcinoma. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy was 75.24%, 97.98%, 96.20%, 85.38% and 88.8%. Conclusion: As per our study, maximum number of cases diagnosed on Pap smears correlated on histopathology, thereby concluding that Pap smears have an important role in diagnosis of cervical lesions.