Montrichardia linifera is an aquatic macrophyte widely used by the population, presenting antibacterial, antioxidant, antiplasmodic, insecticidal and antimalarial activities. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition and biological activities of extracts obtained from M. linifera leaves collected in different locations. Hexanic (HXE), hydroalcoholic (HAE) and methanolic (ME) extracts were prepared from leaves from four collection points in the state of Piauí, Brazil: Porto dos Tatus (PT), Lagoa do Bebedouro (LB), Galego (G) and Morros da Mariana (MM). Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical assays, evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity against three tumor cell lines (HL-60, HCT-116 and B16-F10), evaluation of antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and analysis of antioxidant potential by DPPH were carried out and ABTS. The extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, organic acids, flavonoids, phenols and tannins, with their presence varying according to the place of collection. The HXE-G sample had the highest percentage of flavonoids. The ME-G and HAE-G samples had the highest levels of phenolic compounds. The HXE-G, HAE-G and ME-G extracts showed a high percentage of inhibition against the three tumor strains tested. HXE-MM had a bacteriostatic effect against both strains of bacteria tested. The samples that showed better antioxidant activity were ME-G and HAE-G. These results demonstrate that the plant has a phytochemical variability, depending on the geographic location and the type of solvent used in the extraction process. Thus, the extracts obtained from M. linifera leaves present a variety of secondary metabolites with potential biological activity.
Quinones are a classic example of molecules isolated from natural products. These compounds are secondary metabolites produced by plants, fungi, bacteria, and insects and correspond to an interesting chemical class ubiquitously found in nature. The [rel-8α-Hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxy-8α, β-methyl-7, 8, 8a, 9-tetahydro-1, 4-anthracenedione] [oncocalyxone A, onco-A] is a benzoquinone of dark red color isolated from the ethanolic extract of the species Cordia oncocalyx (Auxemma oncocalyx Allem). In this review, we aimed to investigate the main biological activities described for oncocalyxone A, as well as its isolation and characterization processes. For this review, the following descriptors were employed in multiple databases: medicinal plants, quinones, Auxemma oncocalyx, Cordia oncocalyx, biological activity. Besides, experimental papers published in international journals and with full text available were used as inclusion criteria. The biological activity profiles found for onco-A according to the literature were: antiproliferative/cytotoxic effects against SW1573 (alveolar cell carcinoma) and CCD922 (normal skin fibroblasts) cell lines; anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential; inhibitory effect on cell growth and DNA reactivity; antiplatelet activity; antitumor potential; anti-glycation agent; beneficial and/or toxic potential in goats and neuroinhibitory effect; antibacterial and antibiofilm activity. The substance has a broad spectrum of pharmacological applications, most of which are associated with its cytotoxic activity. The work also intends to compile the activities described in the literature, to understand how the molecule acts on the various targets, but, in some cases, more in-depth research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of action.
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