Objective: To investigate the association between household food and nutrition security status and breastfeeding among children under 2 years old.Methods: Data were analyzed from 1,635 children under 2 years old who had participated in the Brazilian National Demographic and Health Census in 2006. The outcome (breastfeeding) was evaluated according to data on the children's food intake on the day before the interview and food insecurity was assessed using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale.Results: Approximately 58% of children were breastfeeding and 47% were living in households with food insecurity. There was an association between breastfeeding and households in a state of food insecurity, but only for children older than 12 months. In this age group, breastfeeding prevalence was higher (41%) among children living in households with food and nutrition insecurity than those who lived in households considered secure (29%). There were no associations between food insecurity and breastfeeding in the first year of life or early introduction of foods other than breastmilk. Conclusion:Food insecurity is associated with a higher prevalence of breastfeeding in the second year of life.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2012;88(3):279-82: Breastfeeding, food insecurity, infant feeding. ResumoObjetivo: Verificar a associação entre situação domiciliar quanto à segurança alimentar e nutricional e a prática do aleitamento materno em crianças menores de 2 anos. Métodos:Foram utilizadas as informações de 1.635 crianças menores de 2 anos que participaram da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde de 2006. O desfecho (aleitamento materno) foi avaliado por meio da informação do consumo alimentar da criança no dia anterior à entrevista e da insegurança alimentar pela Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar.Resultados: Aproximadamente 58% das crianças estavam sendo amamentadas e 47% residiam em domicílio com insegurança alimentar. Foi constatada associação entre prática do aleitamento materno e condição de insegurança alimentar domiciliar apenas em crianças maiores de 12 meses. Nessa faixa etária, a prevalência de aleitamento materno foi maior entre as crianças residindo em domicílios com insegurança alimentar e nutricional (41%) quando comparadas às que residiam em domicílios considerados seguros (29%). Não houve associação entre insegurança alimentar e prática do aleitamento materno no primeiro ano de vida ou introdução precoce de alimentos diferentes do leite materno. Conclusão:A insegurança alimentar está associada com maior prevalência de aleitamento materno no segundo ano de vida.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2012;88(3):279-82: Aleitamento materno, insegurança alimentar, alimentação infantil. Breastfeeding in children under 2 years old and household food and nutrition security statusAleitamento materno em crianças menores de 2 anos e situação domiciliar quanto à segurança alimentar e nutricional Artigo originAl IntroduçãoA prática do aleitamento materno, de acordo com as recomendações para cada idade, possui impacto positivo no estado nutr...
In order to develop mechanisms for the organization, systematization and control of seeds and seedlings production and commercialization, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) created the National Register of Cultivars (RNC). In turn, the objective of the National Service for Plant Variety Protection (SNPC) is to protect intellectual property, guaranteeing commercial exploration rights exclusivity and the use of royalties. Therefore, the aim of this work is to carry out an survey on the number of registrations and protections of diferente fruit species listed by the MAPA and investigate the participation of private (IPR) and public institutions (IPU). Therefore, 33 fruiters species of economic and social relevance were selected and divided into tempered, subtropical and tropical. Data for the study were obtained from the RNC and SNPC data bank, available in real time at the MAPA website. The research was carried out from 1998 to July 15, 2015. Results showed 2,227 registrations and 88 protections, where the cultures of watermelon, melon, grapes and orange showed a higher number of registration and the grapes, strawberry and apple showed a higher number of protection. With the exception of some annual fruiters, there was greater IPU participation in the number of registrations, while SNPC were found in 54, 55 and 45, 45% of protections for IPR and IPU, respectively. Among the IPUs, Embrapa stands out with the highest number of registrations and protection, followed by IAC, EPAGRI and IAPAR. The public-private partnerships made a slight contribution to the generation of new cultivars.
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