The Italian code of public procurement states that interoperability via open formats is essential for the exchange of information between public organizations and their project partners. However, the understanding of what interoperability means and the use of open formats in the current practice is still limited. Moreover, one of the approaches that a public organization can adopt to share its information requirements among project partners is via parametric objects, such as BIM families. This approach is not commonly adopted, it is very time consuming, but it allows the integration of the client's requirements directly into the project. This paper aims at investigating whether a BIM objects library can be the solution to facilitate the interoperability in information exchange between public organizations and their project partners. The paper shows a parallelism between the use of the proprietary and the open format when using BIM objects in a project environment comparing the open and the proprietary format of a BIM object library in terms of interoperability. This research refers to a case study consisting of the development of a BIM objects library for a public organization in Italy. The results shows that both proprietary and open formats are an efficient solution when developing a BIM library for a public organization. However, their usefulness depends on the way the public organization choose to organize its own BIM adoption.
To reduce the environmental and economic impacts of the construction sector it is essential to follow sustainable models in each stage of the design process, including the procurement phase. Construction costs are generally calculated at this stage, overlooking life-cycle impacts. Since 2016, the Italian code of public procurement requests to comply with environmental minimum criteria and introduced the mandatory use of digital methods and tools. Given the opportunity to exchange information through BIM objects, this research explores the possibility to manage environmental and economic data with digital methods and tools in public procurement. This paper presents an evaluation system and a workflow to support the decision makers in considering the life cycle of a construction, optimizing environmental and economic impacts. The evaluation system developed is based on parameters, focused on environmental and economic impacts. Parameters have been collected analyzing and comparing sustainability norms and protocols. Results show that the developed system not only can support a public body during the procurement phase, but also delivers a database for further project phases, such as operation and end of life.
ABSTRACT:The applications of informatics to architecture have become, for professionals, a great tool for managing analytical phases and project activities but also, for the general public, new ways of communication that may relate directly present, past and future facts. Museums in historic buildings, their installations and the recent experiences of eco-museums located throughout the territory provide a privileged experimentation field for technical and digital representation. On the one hand, the safeguarding and the functional adaptation of buildings use 3D computer graphics models that are real spatially related databases: in them are ordered, viewed and interpreted the results of archival, artistic-historical, diagnostic, technological-structural studies and the assumption and feasibility of interventions. On the other hand, the disclosure of things and knowledge linked to collective memory relies on interactive maps and hypertext systems that provide access to authentic virtual museums; a sort of multimedia extension of the exhibition hall is produced to an architectural scale, but at landscape scale the result is an instrument of cultural development so far unpublished: works that are separated in direct perception find in a zenith view of the map a synthetic relation, related both to spatial parameters and temporal interpretations. RÉSUMÉ:Les applications de la science informatique à l'architecture sont désormais, pour les spécialistes, des instruments irremplaçables pour gérer en même temps les parties liées à l'analyse et celles du projet; elles sont cependant, pour le grand public, de nouveaux moyens de communication qui peuvent établir des relations directes entre ce qui se passe en ce moment et ce qui vient de se passer ou qui va bientôt se passer. Pour les techniques de la représentation numérique, les nouveaux musées réalisés à l'intérieur des bâtiments historiques, les expositions et les toutes récentes expériences des "éco-musées", sont des champs d'expérimentation privilégiés. Pour la conservation et le changement de fonction des bâtiments, on utilise des modèles "infographiques" 3D, qui sont de vraies sources des données rapportées à l'espace, où peuvent être ordonnées, consultées et interprétées les recherches d'archives, historiques, artistiques, diagnostiques, technologiques, constructives, mais aussi les hypothèses sur la faisabilité du projet. En même temps, la transmission des données et des éléments liés à la mémoire collective, repose sur des plans interactifs et des systèmes hypertextuels qui donnent accès à de vrais musées virtuels. A l'échelle de l'architecture, on obtient ainsi une espèce d'agrandissement multimédia de la salle d'exposition, tandis qu'à l'échelle du paysage on a un instrument de valorisation culturelle jusqu'ici inédit: des objets, autrefois séparés dans la perception directe, ont maintenant, à travers le regard zénithal du plan, la possibilité d'une description synthétique de leurs relations dans l'espace et dans le temps.
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